Blissymbols for Use

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Blissymbolics Communication institute

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in 2022 with funding from
University of Toronto

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. Blissymbols
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Compiled and Edited by
e Barbara Hehner

Contributors:

Jinny Storr Peter Reich Shirley McNaughton

Oo VINCENT MASSEY SCHOOL
1! Fassa \venue

_ Ontario
B5

Published by the Blissymbolics Communication Institute

Copyright © 1980 by

The Blissymbolics Communication Institute
350 Rumsey Road
Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
M4G 1R8

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced
or used in any form or by any means — graphic, electronic,
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping,
or information storage and retrieval systems — without the
prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 0-9690516-1-1

Printed in Canada by Bryant Press
79" BO =BY 2825 83 54 ose |

The front cover of Blissymbols for Use shows the following
symbols, from top left:

forward, life, feeling, water or liquid, mountain, ear,
house, and man.

Design: Jack Steiner Graphic Design
Illustrations: Alan Daniel
Symbol Drawings: Jim Grice

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data

Main entry under title:
Blissymbols for use
Includes index.

1. Pasigraphy — Dictionaries. !. Hehner, Barbara,
1947— ll. Reich, Peter A., 1940- Ill. Blissymbolics
Communication Institute.

Z102.B55 001.5’6 C78-001 424-3

The headings used in the Finding Meanings section are a
modification of headings used in Words to Use by Patrick
Drysdale (Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Ltd., 1971).
These headings are used by permission of Patrick Drysdale
and Gage Educational Publishing.

The Blissymbols and text in this book are intended to
assist persons who lack functional speech and who use
these symbols as their primary or augmentative means of
communication within a rehabilitation programme.

Contents

5 How to Use 194 Index
XY Blissymbols for Use 499 Appendix |
15 Finding Symbols 204 Appendix |!
@ 63 Finding Meanings 204 Appendix III
| The World We
Live In 65

Il Living Things 71

Ill Being Alive 87

IV How We View
the World 13]

© V Living Together 154
VI Symbols for
Sentence-
Building 186
VINCEN J f MASSEY SCHOOL
e Hamilton Soret

Acknowledgements

Blissymbols for Use was written with the help of many
people, varied in their talents but alike in their enthusiasm
and dedication.

Jinny Storr, BCl Symbol Officer, shared her knowledge
of the symbol system with me and patiently checked and
rechecked my work at every stage. She provided the infor-
mation for the notes in the Finding Meanings section and
revised and clarified many of the symbol descriptions in
this section. Her standards are unfailingly high, and she
has made an immense contribution to this book.

Peter Reich, Associate Professor, Department of
Psychology, University of Toronto, and linguistic consultant
to the project, had the challenging job of creating a sym-
bol classification system, for which no satisfactory models
existed. He made several revisions of his system, always
simplifying and improving his earlier work, and during this
long process his energy and enthusiasm never flagged.

Shirley McNaughton, Project Director for Blissymbols for
Use and BCI Programme Director, spent many hours
discussing the aims of this book with me, and her sugges-
tions and ideas are reflected in every part. Her support and
encouragement were unwavering, and her vision, strength
of character and uncommon sense kept the project alive
and brought this book into being.

Jack Steiner went far beyond the usual role of a book
designer. He was involved in co-ordinating the production
of Blissymbols for Use from the earliest days of the project,
and his experience and advice were invaluable. Paula
Ashmead, BCI Assistant Symbol Officer, provided accurate
symbol information, usually at very short notice, on
numerous occasions, and assisted me in arranging the
entries. Patrick Drysdale, Co-ordinating Editor, Dictionaries
and Senior English, Gage Educational Publishing,
generously gave me permission to use headings from his
children’s thesaurus, Words to Use, and gave sound advice
during tire planning states of this project. Seppo Tuomi,
Assistant Professor, Programme in Communicative
Disorders, University of Western Ontario, served as consul-
tant to the project and made valuable modifications to an
early version of the symbol classification system, which
were reflected in its final form.

| would also like to thank Jim Grice, who carefully
drafted all the Blissymbols; Jim Armes, who helped to
check and arrange the entries for the Finding Meanings
section; Shirley Lee Shew, who turned boxes of file cards

into beautifully typed mansuscript; Juanne Hemsol, Direc-
tor of the Blissymbolics Communication Institute, and
members of her staff; Harry Silverman, Associate Professor
of Special Education, OISE, and Executive Director of BCI;
and the many experienced and dedicated Blissymbol in-
structors who provided me with useful suggestions for the
content and organization of Blissymbols for Use.

The publication of this book would not have been possi-
ble without the generosity of the Atkinson Charitable Foun-
dation, Toronto, Canada, which sponsored the two-year
project for the compilation and production of Blissymbols
for Use. Thanks also to the Ontario Society for Crippled
Children and the Ontario Crippled Children’s Centre for
their support and financial assistance in the publication of
this book.

Finally, my thanks to Charles K. Bliss for the original
Semantography (Blissymbolics). His system and work
were the source of inspiration for the further
developments of the Blissymbolics Communication
Institute and led to the use of B.C.I. Blissymbols by
speech and language impaired people around the world.

We owe a great debt to the creativity of Mr. Bliss.

Barbara Hehner
November 1979

How to Use Blissymbols for Use

Blissymbols for Use is designed to meet the needs of a wide
range of people who are interested in Blissymbols. The book
offers the reader three approaches to gaining information
about Blissymbols. It gives the reader the opportunity to find
symbols and symbol meanings quickly; to learn more about a
specific symbol; or to explore the semantic and structural
relationships among symbols within the Blissymbolics system.

This book contains over 1400 different Blissymbols, and is
divided into three sections: Finding Symbols, Finding
Meanings and an Index.

In the first of these sections, Finding Symbols, Blissymbols
are arranged according to the basic shapes of which they are
made up, and the English equivalents for each symbol are
given. Each Blissymbol is shown ona grid of fine lines, to aid
the user of this book in drawing it.

In the second section, Finding Meanings, Blissymbols are
grouped in meaning categories, according to a system of
headings (such as Things We Need) and sub-headings (such
as Food and Clothing). In this section, the English equivalents
for each symbol are given, and the symbol is described in
terms of the basic meaning elements contained in it. In this
section, as in Finding Symbols, the symbols are shown ona
grid. An added feature of the Finding Meanings section is a
series of notes, describing various aspects of the symbol
system in more detail than the individual symbol descriptions
can provide.

In the third section, the Index, all English words used as
equivalents for Blissymbols in the Finding Symbols and
Finding Meanings sections are listed alphabetically, along
with the page numbers on which they appear.

The following pages provide more information about the
organization of each section and how best to find the
information you need.

How to Use the Finding
Symbols Section

WHY IS THIS SECTION USEFUL?

The symbols in the Finding Symbols section are arranged by
shape. Thus you do not have to know the meaning of a
symbol in order to look it up in this section. This will be useful
if you are presented with an unfamiliar symbol that has no
gloss or has only a gloss in a foreign language.

As you will see in the explanation that follows, simpler
symbols (e.g. heart) always precede more elaborate symbols
(e.g. happy). Thus an examination of the Finding Symbols
section can give you a better understanding of the structure of
each symbol and of how compound symbols are built up from
simpler ones.

If you wish to propose a new symbol to BCI, you can check
this section to be sure that your symbol is not already part of
the system, perhaps with a different meaning. Further, the
arrangement of the symbols, in which symbols based upon a
given shape are grouped together, will give you models to
use in devising the new symbol you might wish to propose.

The grid lines allow you to see clearly where in the
symbol space the symbol is to be placed, the relative sizes
of the elements in the symbol, and the spacing between them.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FINDING
SYMBOLS SECTION

1. The ordering of Blissymbols in the Finding Symbols
section is based on the physical structure of the symbols.
Blissymbols may consist of just one unit:

ear forward food

9 —-> O

or of several units:

thunder gathering craft

2 2G

AN

6

2. ‘If you can take an imaginary vertical line and run it

between elements in the symbol (elements may touch the
line but not overlap it), then the Blissymbol is made up of
more than one unit:

thunder gathering ear
1 yt
Nu
HE aie
| mn
2 units 3 units 1 unit only

If this is not possible, then if you can take an imaginary line
angled up to 45° away from the vertical (a capital X, as
shown on symbol stamps, is made up of two 45° lines), and
run it between elements in the symbol, the Blissymbol is
made up of more than one unit:

craft

2 units

Note (a) For purposes of classification, all pointers are
considered to touch the shape to which they are pointing, and
are thus contained in the same unit:

NAME OF
SHAPE

Cd wavy lines ‘ ~ s

b heart

DIFFERENT FORMS AND

ORIENTATIONS OF THE SHAPE

elbow side
7
1] unit ] unit

(b) Two shapes that are not touching, but are
centred directly above and below one another, are
considered to be in the same unit, even if an imaginary
angled line could separate them:

gathering

NY
O : 2

(1 unit) (2 units) (3 units)

(the arrows in the
second unit are centred
above and below one
another)

food powder, dust

(second unit is made
up of 2 dots centred on
one another)

3. To help us order English words, we have an alphabet,
telling us in what order to put our 26 letters. And for
Blissymbols we also have an alphabet of 26 basic shapes,
which we arrange as shown in the following chart. (In
Appendix Il, on p. 204, is a list of mnemonic aids you may
wish to use while learning the alphabet. )

SOME SYMBOLS IN WHICH

SHAPE APPEARS
fire water, liquid rain medical
Vv
¢ * Ae }
(to) feel happy (to) hope

g On Ore

&

NAME OF DIFFERENT FORMS AND SOME SYMBOLS IN WHICH
»y SHAPE ORIENTATIONS OF THE SHAPE SHAPE APPEARS

cloth, fabric number clothing

cae tp Oe H Hf ff
hatches
house, building home garage

'e building ~ ae Q

(to) hear, (to) listen thunder sound
A
@ Ce ) y ye

up forward (to) swallow wind
foam | Tolye |tT >» |so ZB

wheel machine truck

wheel

® @ ae

sun clock during, while

a O c o

mouth eye adult, grown-up vegetable
@) (below ground)
small Oo
| circles (0) 0 O O ? a

NAME OF
SHAPE

large half
circles

other circle
parts

squares

rectangles

open squares

DIFFERENT FORMS AND

ORIENTATIONS OF THE SHAPE

a

SOME SYMBOLS IN WHICH

SHAPE APPEARS
mind container, bowl around (to) know
A
(
U ee C)
past future grass bird

) ( r 2G

Uy ES

thing indicator thing chemical product

oO

[| o 6A

enclosure

Pi alee RS

paper, page parcel story, tale, report
door room open fork

open
rectangles

right-angled
triangles

an eee ee | it

VASE bn 24

table effect (to) comb drinking glass
A
[aa y LL LU
(to) make (to) cause stone, rock hill
A A

Ale

VES > ay,

NAME OF DIFFERENT FORMS AND SOME SYMBOLS IN WHICH
©) SHAPE ORIENTATIONS OF THE SHAPE SHAPE APPEARS
again before, in front (of) seed

oe dot . & : a
Ly)

roof “by, of at alcoholic drink
ight o
ioe NT
angles > < ax < se NG OH
= person yecageits pin but end
ite!
S fregore JA 4
o Tt > 4 T
(to) add, (to) gain much, many often
x aS Vv V
T crosses + — x »é ao Y Y, O
nature, creation danger teeth

Bere: | Aa Yr | A MO ow

4 action opposite meaning hand nose
acute angles a Ty eT a a

- a

sky world (to) equal not

A

\W horizontal =
lines —

10

SOME SYMBOLS IN WHICH
SHAPE APPEARS

(to) help
A A

A \\

after, behind (to) write

NAME OF DIFFERENT FORMS AND
SHAPE ORIENTATIONS OF THE SHAPE
X other lines | ) i, wad NS \
VY the pointer ALSO: aC
punctuation, ;
Z numbers and (le Tol ere abe
letters

When symbols are made up of just one shape, like:

feeling

DY?

it is very easy to find them. You know from the symbol
alphabet that “heart” comes before “ear” in the Finding
Symbols section, just as you find the words

ear

a and |
in an English dictionary by knowing that a comes before i in
the alphabet.

5. | Sequenced compound symbols — that is, symbols made
up of more than one unit — are not difficult to find either.
Sequenced compound symbols whose first unit is a given
shape always come after simple symbols having the

same shape. Thus:

The pointer is always considered to be the last element in
the classification of any symbol, and is always considered to
be touching another element. It is the latter element which

should be used in looking up the symbol. For example, look
up ‘ under acute angles.

tricycle

3®@
@

what? example, sample

Oo

? |

intensity

(to) want

A
CF precedes ©) r

just the way that
/ precedes it

in an English dictionary.

If the first units of two sequenced compound symbols are
identical, look at the second units. Refer to the alphabet of
symbol shapes to find which of the second units comes
earliest. Thus you find that:

(to) want oopey

OP OF

in the Finding Symbols section, in the same way that

me precedes my

in an English dictionary.

Further:

upset precedes funny
Vv V
in the same way that:
men precedes met

in an English dictionary.

Note: Indicators above symbols are ignored for the purpose
of ordering the symbol shapes. Each of the indicators is,
however, provided with its own entry under the appropriate
shape. For example, the action indicator will be found in the
acute angle category.

6. _ The situation becomes a little more complicated when a
symbol unit is made up of several shapes superimposed:

weather

QD

You could compare this symbol to an English word printed

like this: |

You would have to sort out the letters to form a word: f or
before you could look it up in a dictionary. In just the same
way you have to sort out the shapes in a superimposed
compound symbol:

et AO

wavy line arrow large circle

Following identification of the symbol shapes, they must be
placed in order, according to the symbol alphabet. Then you
know that you will have to look up the symbol in the

—~ wavy line category.

7. | Remember that you always identify the first unit first,
sorting it out if it has more than one shape in it, and only then
moving on to the second unit.

VT

For example, if you had these two unknown symbols to
look up:
A

ee) 4S)

you would first sort out the first unit of each:

a ©

Both symbols will be found in the wavy line category. But:

~ O -

(to) change precedes soda pop

A

ee) SO

because the second shape in (to) change: the large circle,
comes before the second shape in soda pop: the small
circle. Note that although one of these symbols has a second
unit, we do not need to go to the second unit to order the
two symbols.

8. The alphabet of 26 shapes is placed at the bottom of
right-hand pages in the Finding Symbols section, so that users
need not memorize the symbol alphabet to find the location
of a symbol. Further, when a shape category is long and
complicated; for example, the large half circle category, a
further ordering is required within the category. In this case,
all the symbols whose first element is in this orientation:

precede all those

which
(On whose orientation is ») precede 7

Where there are several forms or orientations of a shape,
their ordering is shown at the tops of pages so that, once
again, the user does not have to memorize them.

9. Using the alphabet of 26 shapes, and in some cases, the

ordered forms of the basic shapes, the symbol user will be able
to come very close to the symbol he wants. Then he can simply
run his eyes along the page until he comes to the right symbol.

There is, however, a way to know exactly where a symbol
is located. Each of the 26 shapes can be assigned a letter of
the alphabet, so that each symbol has a string of letters that
identifies it. In addition, there is a small group of rules that

generate extra code elements when needed. Thus every symbol
has a unique letter and/or number code. A complete explanation
of the coding may be found in Appendix III, on p. 204.

4

12

; : Il LIVING THINGS
How to Use the Finding 1 Plants
: S : 2. Animals
3. Human Beings
Meanings Section 5 at:
ll! BEING ALIVE A. Things We Do
WHY IS THIS SECTION USEFUL? 1. Living
2. Having, Getting and Giving
This section is the core of Blissymbols for Use. Blissymbolics is 3. Doing, Making and Breaking
a semantically based system and the Finding Meanings 4. Moving and Staying Still
section reflects and emphasizes this, by grouping symbols 5. Thinking
according to their meanings. This section can lead you to an 6. Feeling
understanding and appreciation of the underlying structure of ‘
the Blissymbolics system. Ml aes B. Things We Need
If you are an instructor, Finding Meanings will be of = iEbod
particular interest. Through its organization and content, you 3. Buildings
will discover many ideas for curriculum development. The A. Rooms
system of headings and sub-headings provides for the 5. Furnishings
development of themes and special projects; the symbol 6. Tools, Machines and Building Materials
groupings under a given heading provide a structure for 7. Chemicals and Waste Products
activities relating to language and cognitive development. 8. Energy
When a user looks up the symbol for clothing, for IV HOW WE VIEW THE WORLD A. Our Senses

example, he or she will discover additional, semantically son
related symbols, such as dress, shirt/blouse, underwear, etc. Pate
The user further discovers that the symbol common to this : g

vane . 3. Smell
grouping is derived from the symbol for protection and the Tate
symbol for cloth, which in turn represents the warp and woof Sager

of a piece of fabric. Thus the symbol user’s search for the
clothing symbol in the Finding Meanings section could lead IV HOW WE VIEW THE WORLD iB. Classification

him or her not only to the required symbol, but to the 1. Colour
discovery of a group of related symbols. Examination of this 2. Likeness and Difference
symbol grouping could lead to further investigations: how 3. Measurement
various types of clothing are differentiated in Blissymbols, 4. Numbers
how cloth is produced, in what way clothing protects, which 5. Size and Weight
body parts are associated with which articles of clothing, etc. 6. Shape
7. Time
8. Place and Direction
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FINDING V LIVING TOGETHER A. Communication
MEANINGS SECTION eee
The symbols in the Finding Meanings section are arranged in A Shag feel
11 major categories and a number of sub-categories, as
follows: V LIVING TOGETHER BB. Transportation
1. Sidewalk and Road Vehicles
) THE WORLD WE LIVE IN 2. Other Forms of Transportation
1. Space 3. Places Where Vehicles Travel
2. The World 4. Other Symbols Related to Transportation

3. Weather

13

V LIVING TOGETHER C. Occupations
1. Primary Industries and Manufacturing
2. Commerce
3. Government
4. Community Services

V LIVING TOGETHER D. Recreation
1. Holidays and Special Days
2. Pastimes and Crafts
3. Play
4. Sports
5. Outings

VI SYMBOLS FOR SENTENCE-BUILDING
1. Symbols with English Equivalents
2. Special Blissymbols

Try to choose the most likely category for the symbol you
want to look up. For example, you would expect to find the
symbol for tree in “Il LIVING THINGS 1. Plants.”

In many cases, symbols have been placed in several
appropriate categories. You could, for example, find the
symbol for to calculate in “Ill BEING ALIVE A. Things We Do

5. Thinking,’”” and also in “IV HOW WE VIEW THE

WORLD B. How We Classify Things 4. Numbers.” (If you

have a particular English word for which you want to find the Blissymbol
and you do not know which category to choose, check the
alphabetical listing of words in the Index to find the correct page
number in the Finding Meanings section. )

Beside each Blissymbol in the Finding Meanings section,
you will find printed in boldface (heavy) letters the most
commonly used English equivalent(s) for the symbol. Where
appropriate, common synonyms for the basic meaning are
given, printed in a lighter type. Below the English
equivalents, and enclosed by brackets, is a brief description
of the meaning parts of the symbol. For example, the
description of the symbol for happy reads: (feeling + up +
description indicator). Often the description of the symbol’s
meaning parts is followed by a clarifying phrase that further
explains the symbol. For example, the clarifying phrase for
happy reads: ““having an uplifted feeling.”

Note: 1. It is only in the description of the symbol for happy
itself that its meaning parts are given. The description of
compound symbols in which the happy symbol appears do
not break it down into its meaning parts. Thus, the description
of the symbol for to laugh reads (happy + mouth + action
indicator). If you want more information about this symbol,
you could look up each of its meaning parts separately.
Similarly, the description of funny reads (to laugh +
description indicator). The principle that we have followed is

that the basic meaning parts of a symbol should only be given
once, when it is in its simplest form. This practice keeps the
symbol descriptions for more complicated compound symbols
from becoming too long and confusing.

2. If asymbol has an indicator, this indicator is always
given as the last element in the symbol description, even if
the wording of the description might seem to make mention of
the indicator redundant. Thus the symbol description for easy
reads (opposite meaning + difficult + description indicator).

3. In publications of the Blissymbolics Communication
Institute, Blissymbols are usually classified in three groups:
pictographs, ideographs and arbitrary symbols. In the Finding
Meanings section of Blissymbols for Use, only pictographs are
identified. For example, the symbol description of moon
reads (pictograph: the symbol looks like a crescent moon).
For examples of ideographs and arbitrary symbols, see
Handbook of Blissymbolics, p. 11.

A special feature of the Finding Meanings section is the
Notes, which provide for a more detailed discussion of the
structure and meaning of various Blissymbols than can be
given in the symbol description. Many of these Notes use
quotations from the works of Charles K. Bliss (CKB). Here is a
list of the Notes and the pages on which they will be found.

PAGE NUMBER SUBJECT OF NOTE

66 CKB as an Abbreviation
68 Collective Meanings
69 Vertical Positioning of Symbols
75 CKB on the Child Symbol
76 CKB on Father and Mother Symbols
79 Variations on the Person Symbol
8] Use of the Thing Indicator
84 The Four Basic Indicators
88 Big and Little Meanings
95 The Three Description (Evaluation) Indicators
103 Symbols for Good, Correct, Right
106 Commas in Symbols
109 CKB on Symbols for Human Feelings
111 Compound Symbols
119 The Generalization Symbol
128 The Material Symbol
135 Symbols for Colours
139 Circled Numbers in the English Equivalents
145 Use of the Dot
148 Symbols for Seasons
150 Particles
152 The Arrow Symbol
174 Contracting Compound Symbols
19] The Three Action Indicators

ar

How to Use the Index
Section

The Index is a list of all English words used as equivalents
for Blissymbols in this book, arranged alphabetically. A word
printed in boldface type (word) is the basic meaning of a
particular Blissymbol, the most commonly used English
equivalent. A word printed in regular type type (word) is a
synonym for a basic meaning. Following each word entry are
page numbers. A page number in boldface type (00) refers to
an entry in the Finding Meanings section. A page number in
italic type (00) refers to an entry in the Finding Symbols section.

a wavy tates

fire

bonfire,
campfire
Gn omt

(to) smoke

aiw

(to) wish

aj

stove, furnace

al

fireplace

an

medical _)

a’x

cloud
a3Hw

water, liquid
a3

wet
a3 VD

gasoline
a3.g

~O

blood
a3. hx

menstruation

~OD."""
®
oil

i

a3a

island

a3aw

weather
a3fh

(to) develop
a3fhx

hail
a3tl

shower
a3fn

(to) change
a3hx

drink, beverage

a3iw

(to) drink
a3iw A

soda pop,
soft drink

a3iw. fi
milk

a3iw. hx

milkshake

aa ADT EL a3iw.hx.f.f
Ee Pa -

cream
a3iw.hx.z

fruit juice
a3iw.ik

coffee
a3iw. ikk

fanpage py

AY +L

tea
a3iw. kkx

bath, basin, sink

a3j

(to) wash,
(to) bathe
a3j A

(to) float
a3sjGA

ice
a3!

(to) freeze
a3l F

(to) thaw
a3lR

toilet
a3nx

pool
a3o

wading pool
a3o. jsx

| swimming pool
1 a30.z.fx.a

a3wH

mud
a3wG

beach, shore
a3wG R

environment

a3ww

feeling, emotion

b

heart
bT

envious

Cela." @.Z.Xx.Z.tw

(to) enjoy
b.fA

happy
Ishin WY

sad, unhappy
b. f6

(oe aeie \ eserce es OPO Ue) a
eerste /\ AX

18
y) x a (10) ut

ae humorous

OTe *™

shame

OL b.f.jx.z

(to) hope

v T C b.f.kz

o) fear,
Le oes
OLE
Ob). a

(to) reals!

OL)

“you're
welcome”

OTA

harmony

ieee b. f3f

(emotional) trouble

OS b. fF

afraid, frightened,
scared
b.f6 kz V

OM.

O*~

while

Duizz

safe, protected
IS. 17

respect,
admiration

biG. Sax

dear
lon ira ds

(to) resent
b.rr

pain
b. rx

(to) hurt,
(to) feel pain
b.rx A

jealous
Daria ee OW

kind

b.sx

lucky
b.t

(to) like
b.t.zA

good (emotionally)
bz Vv.

mean, cruel
b. tx

religion
b.u

belief
b.uz

(emotional) loss
b.w

E APE (to) miss
U TTT ob.wA
PAH thirsty
oe b.w.aiw
Eases

c cross hatches 19

lonely
b.w.s

(to) rest aoe sheet

bwA C. SXx

bad (emotionally) comfortable

pillowcase
b.w.z bw V C. SXxy
strange tired cote ~bandage
& Lor bw.s tie Carex
(to) surprise peace (of mind) — blanket
bez.z bww TEN I a CoM. SK
excited teHt+HH-H towel
| ener Ae dae 4 C Try 7 C.VK a
© (to) love Hee cloth, fabric +11 clothing, clothes
bf € cr
VEL] (wow!) (to) wipe —A‘ (to) dress
Ot! Dietz Chili ms crA
v (ugh! yuk!) serviette, tH} «raincoat
AM bi. w.z napkin cr.af
9 sat cw Ht
11 freedom, liberty rug, carpet +t -+ETT1 snowsuit
a bn ine c.ny cr. atx
San | a a
[IY] free tablecloth +teteteH «pyjamas,
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ee eee ISGv. ox. UU

plastic

G ,OD ISGv.t.iq.

ee ie sae glue
|+| ISGv.x.t.x

(to) glue,

le] 2",
mM

‘paper, page
~
aoe valentine
m.bf

_|_ newspaper
rule, regulation
m. fj

m rectangles

ticket

2]

schedule

16.

story, tale, report

[]o m.i

poem

nro se

advertisement

[lou ve
a is Be instructions,
recipe

directions
Peis eae p.iw

m.jlv
list

Tie tial
ia
symbol display,
{rt symbol chart
He m.t.vw
(playing) cards

ACoA ae

map

m.WwW

n open squares

parcel, package

mrr

chair, seat

nx

rocking chair

nx. [rr

bench

NX . SX

room
n3

bathroom
n3.aj

elevator
Nontet

ees | classroom ane ttt store, shop
aRbe | =
Sey bedroom ceiling
[oO] n3. ilq * n3yH
~~ dining room floor
lO n3. iw | n3yU
library (room) floor covering,
n3. Ix linoleum
n3y6
! sitting room, wall
lounge, n3y9M
waiting room
ind Sra we
[tt] corner
hee | | n3y9U
| | res RIS a | UY n3y.v.nx
Zone A 1 ®
am Siem ppp Ahh A. (to) open
TAY n3.v.nx | | néA
office IN open
hee VVaxX né V
restaurant ¥, strong
n3w.iw n6okx

Ce ae eno eC nan yea) sat \ ors
ee Nae ee ere leoiacabe]

healthy
nox V

it

question

néz

A (to) ask,
|? | (to) question
? n6zA
ry
I

problem
néz . fxx

test

l2I>VV néz.rr.v

(to) request

bate
MOZaEZaaD
L210).

mien fork
Kw n8x
O

© open rectangles

couch,
chestertied, sofa

Ox

broom
oxN

board
oy

edge
oy6

effect

o3r

(drinking) glass
06

sandbox
06.q.qq.p

royal
oérr

comb

o6x

(to) comb
06x A

brush
06x N

pot, pan
06x2

rake

inne 06x. is

toothbrush

06x. UU

p

A (to) make
[| | ali 2
Ho | art

AWAD? p.b

ALE (to) make cloth,
(to) weave
Zot p.c
ae Ht teeter (te) crochet
ATT TTT (to) knit
ie nel [olen %n5%
ALT (to) cook
p.iw

HtA+++ (to) fix,
(to) repair
ry |® P. Vv

ema le lal mintelavel (=<

(to) hide,
(to) conceal
Daag
craft

pv

handmade
product
pvT

pyramid

(to) cause
p3lA

(to) be caused
by
forshh (2

therefore
p3s

(to) cause pain

PERSE eene

[ALT IT I §6(to) show

p3.ijq

(to) injure, (to) hurt,

to) i improve

site give) artificial

O respiration
"|® P8.v.i

(to) dry

Tool p3.v.x.a

_ because
>? Danz
mountain

L pal

stone, rock
p4S

hill
p4.sw

valley
p4pwy

saw
p4px

mine

- zx | | p4q

pe Oey fie O
Peer ee eat 7 one |S aoa

O

Hts ©

dot, period
g

again
q-q

there
Gagar

powder, dust
q-4q

flour
q.qq.kk

sand
q-qq-p

ability,
capability
q.vL

description

(evaluation) before
the fact indicator

q. VSH

Dee tele elie

_![A) can, (to) be able
q.vs

patience

q.v.fx. hwxxx

handicap

.\ [; | Gin ViaxXax
reps Liil®
before
| in front (of)
g.x

that
q.x2

early

q.x.hwx

iIvli engaged

[TAIN «6 Xiir
1®
‘ftiyit pregnant
q.x.rtx
Lit] either

> qr3

Li or

tt division
4s qqwl

(to) divide nut

qqwL A qUqw.kkx

part, piece, f drawer

bit qqw. Iqqw

qqws

part (of) province, state

qqws qqw. Is

some HH bone

qqws V | | qqx

seed [1 structure

qUqw A qqx. ww. qqx

flame skeleton

qqw.a qqx. ww. qqx. hx

word Ltt joint

. iat Oe Gs

qqw. ei mimeo) Sree ves

egg temperature
qsww

qqw . hx -

tongue thermometer
1 (QqW.dadet to qswwT
}
feather over, above,
qqw..kk superior
qHw
branch under, below,
qqw. kkx inferior
qGw

male lsh mel aye (=13

too much Ht glove, mitten, stepfather
too many aH mitt rFUVXx
re ey uN TT ©
== mitt (sports) Eeeeeeeeet ~~ family
r oN NI L roVatl rruvxx R
© ~ | protection | for (in exchange parent
Yn r 4S for) rs
Bea a
roof relative _\.. spouse
rT rrs ‘a, rsR
(to) protect, grandparent ++ birth
(to) take care of ane AN rx
rA Bias
apron, smock, grandmother, beet: daughter
overall grandma OX ay
Far lrSUX Lh
hat, cap aunt | | niece
Fahis rrSUZ Yn vane rU.ruv.Z
A HNA2©
skin grandfather, H+ +H sister
r.kkww grandpa NS ae OR:
rrSVX L \ f ?
bib uncle ‘tt i{ offspring, child
r. kkwwy rrsz LN ruv
shoes -it titi! stepmother ++] nephew, niece
r.vwwy rrUVXX F AN ruv.ruV.Z

LA LA2 6
OC Te On) ee: Oto Sorel |) jel -4-
ee ee Oe = WO oisaabe

t si cousin
PNA Ne fUV.TUV.Z.TS

sibling

(ues 74

uncle, aunt

ROM aeZenlis

couple (married)

FUVXX

mother,
mommy, mummy

rux F

wife

nephew

EV PUVA Z

brother

[Mae

father, daddy

sick, ill

rx

attack (of illness)

rx. AWxxx

relation
r3L

about, of,
concerning

r3S

position
r3l.q

at
eS. 6)

here
Rho Cle |

purpose
(ele Te

for(for the purpose
of), in order to

eS oir

although

Risivale

to, toward

r3.x

PREP) fez
9.

several

weak

r3w

alcoholic drink

r6S.Z.Z

relation
r9L

by, of
r9S

opposition,
counter purpose
r9rL

against,
opposed to
r9rS

hot
(2s Cholf

person, individual,
human being

Ss

eA

loa

s line on a base

nurse

Sore d<

firefighter

SCE

student, pupil

ay
COLLIN minister,
- priest

SAicjOnuU

doctor, physician rot boss
SadaXa ZZ aN s.fj.vv
dentist Hittite singer
S.QX.UU La Seuieix
friend ccceeeonem counsellor
seb te2 lO » | SAP Atresx

ital ®
stranger secretary
S50.Z Sil
resident ghost
are | s.iq. fx

©

neighbour Erect] musician
S20 XaX fi d s.ix
visitor, guest - conductor
Sach Sri taix
teacher fN oAG sinner
Sifi.to [Ol Si fj. Z. UU

composer
Hag “P
a cote = farmer
i . s. kkrw
astronaut,

TAY cosmonaut
@S: Vath
Poa officer

baby sitter

if am S.r.iSW
Litt aide,
helper, assistant
+@s. SX
volunteer

TA ¥ s.sx.bn
vA ®

HHH clerk

LA 5. SX. iijx

-1) worker

|’ A Ss. VV

soldier
Sei

J (Ve air oe Me yee" telat
BO Ni ey ve tl ores. db

|, me, myself
Suzi

we, US,
ourselves
SHZIEN

you, yourself
SaZz

you, yourselves

SeZ2UX

they, them,
themselves

S748}

my, mine
Seale

our, Ours
SA Zi ahex

your, yours
Sez aii

your, yours

(plural)
SuZ2 sh

their, theirs
Sez

(to) increase
sLwA

big, large
sLw V

(to) decrease
sSwA

little, small
sSw V

help, aid,
assistance

SX

aid, support
sx T

(to) help,
(to) aid,

(to) support,
(to) assist

®

hearing aid

ADZ. Sx. €. VX
A*8

(to) support
(financially)

sx.t. iix

(to) need
slA

necessary
sl V

therapist
SIsot.s

ruler,
measuring stick

s3xx T

(to) measure
S3xx A

bed
s3x2x

pillow
S3xxy

nail
s6L

pin
s6S

cao

hammer
s8

but, except
s9

unless
s9.qr

addition
tl

(to) add, (to) gain
tLA

with (the help of),
tSH

belongs to, of
(the possessive)
tSG

flavouring,
seasoning

Po TAY

Eat | pepper

+4? ifs INVA]

ci eee sugar

i oe On f teived

ES vinegar
ihe (NYP Be

along with

oc!

atgee cer

Llosa yes
-- H He ZieZ
= |
A (to) own,
(to) possess,
twl
A! (to) have
| | twS
FALL TT (to) share
at tw.x.f.x
Cy] cross
T tx
¥Y Christian
T tx V

49

multiplication
t2L

multitude
PAL Tf

(to) multiply
t2L A

plural indicator
Hi se

aerial

HH group of
—+ (the collective)
‘M t2SG
Ra much
or many
mm tSGV
lake
t2.a
Yi)! angry, mad

f2e ene

‘V= quick, fast
‘2.7

storm
t2. fvw

eee Oa no “ey len [|

Pe ee el oes abe

snowstorm +++ dinner, supper team
t2. fvw. atx Fa) t2.iw.z3 1D So Wo ho

[T4strain Ft grove TTT ttt) ~=sosea, ocean

t2. ggw t2.kkx Py i eee Pre Va©)

“xo
often +H +H oerchard Ferrera chly
t2. hwx t2.kkx. ik rs aS 2c
xx)
bright Coo sshopping centre, | HITT +171 forest, woods
12. hiq Tt plaza, mall 12. +. kkx
t2.nw

rich, wealthy sentence, phrase (the) public

t2. iix t2.qqw.ei x> | xL. otoS

expensive Ht group | public (adj)

$2 AK: Mal Pr b i2.s See et 2 bas.

dirty, soiled Ce ee class (to) chew

t2.iq.q 12 s.ffs 10 t2.uU

meal govern- war

12. iw Sal ( \ 3 i: ment 12tt

L25S hens

snack LITT chorus, choir ‘Y! most

t2.iw.z.Sw x1 O1 J PD South DX Ss = =t2Hw

breakfast musical group Val

t2.iw.zl 12 Six

band, orchestra

bs Se [Me I

lunch
t2.iw.z2

Wim ressro(-) (=n fu lolatel(= a 5

better creation, nature ~A-| (to) weigh
t2Mw.b.t.z \ U ++ uwA
usually +Al] (to) create -¥ heavy
t2w.hwx : uA iE uw.f
® tt plough danger | woman
(f t2wx ie | Unz a UX
knife, sword God queen
t2x {uu Ae ; i : .sUX.orr
©
(to) cut H M — Jewish |. she, her, herself
t2x A > 7 uéu | UX.Z
ANEEY AN [7
©
sharp (il) teeth iit} her, hers
A t2x V aaee u6uU6 | ig eek eet
‘l) star {AL (to) bite
* t2xN u6u6 A V
harvest | couple action, act, deed
9 t2x.k.k M UVXx JN vL
(to) shave -li.. weight ‘A~| action indicator
t2x.x. hqqsy 44 +UWw rit] =vSB
» (to) chop (| (a) weight activity
t2x .Z H+ ouwT vSG

ZS © A
ES One Al Oe 9 ee om © OATES A
a SNE eae — | > 71,0123 abc

A- (to) do, (to) act

A vS
(to) play
Vee

so
OTE."

table game

v.b.f.0

v.hx

tennis
V. iittt

7 ®
| ping pong

ae A V.iittt.o
AUD HA ©

badminton

Fane ren

basketball

V.iw.|

baseball

Vv. iW. fry

croquet

Ae” V.iw.Ss
er

football, soccer

v.iw. Vww

4 is
bowling

| : Vv. iWW
ti field hockey

Vv. iwwx

=e)

eer] golf

“os tn feel Ge

AG +4 , Vv. iwwx. j
‘a Gh FREER ©
ice hockey
JT ov.iwx.k.al
| ; )
KEE mistake
| (NY V.jw.z

hobby, pastime

V.jZ

(to) finish

v. It

(to) obey

ey, \ >. ver. fj

ue oy 8 prepare

v.rr.kA

AT
=) i ia
A

ready, prepared
v.rr.k VD

boxing

V.VV

|| wrestling

®

VeZe Sen thi

work,
employment

VV

(to) work
wA

(to) exercise

VV.NXxX

(to) practise

VW .X.X
insect

VVV

animal

VVW

legs and feet

(to) walk, (to) go

toe

vwwy?

(to) kick

vwwy .Z

citizen

Vwx

man

Vx

snowman

vx. atx

king

VX. Orr

Christ, Jesus

vx. tx

opposite
meaning

v 1x

Wee Oty ene on 7 0) Lis Ll

dry

vIx.a

(to) hate
vix.bf

old
v 1x. fhx

(to) follow
vIx. fj

(to) remember

v1x.fjo

Halen easy
1 SE vx. fxx
mens |
| Douee + dark
[ ©) vx. hig
YY
never

LOR v1x. hwx. It

Price ene | (to) lose
pare vIx.ig. lw
FoI §6old
Ty :
TE. VIx.isw
[lm

2?! 0123 abc

D4

yO,

bo

1

Le

LxBo

stupid, dumb

VIx.].Z

empty

vIx.j/w

certain, sure

Vv 1x. jz

none, nothing

vIx. It

cold

WIS lie hs te

few,
little

Vlei

cheap,

Oo inexpensive

v1Ix.t. fix

clean
VIx.t.ig.q

peace
VIX. ttt

least
vVIx.tHwH

less
vIx.tHwM

hard

Who VIX... 7xXx

narrow

1k 1 vIx.xy xy

Vv. last

WSGo745 |
lightning

v2wx

electricity

S v2x

> active indicator
v3

electromagnetic
radiation

@v4x

| aoe CO eal CEE

ae sail
S v4Hx
A (to) kneel

ieee

A (to) crawl
Gi | ; v4x . f
ankle

& v4x.y3

Vv

NL.

knee
V4x.y9

hand
v5

(to) touch
v5A

(to) rub
v5. ff

(to) catch
v5. fj

soft
V5. [xx

smooth
v5.0

(to) hit

WN p78 572

(to) splash

VEZ!

(to) fight

v5v

thumb
v5y3

HS AERTS

A

——

Vie ato] ab4olatielm iial=ts

finger
v5y9

value,
evaluation

v6L

description
(evaluation)
indicator
v6S

(to) approve

description,
(evaluation)

after the fact

indicator
v6.q

angle
v8L

nose
v8S

(to) smell
v8S A

(to) sneeze

v8. fvw.z

breath
v8. i

(to) breathe
v8.iA

air, atmosphere
v8wH

smell. odour
v8wU

perfume
v8w.b.f

passive
indicator
v9

(to) point
v10

sign
v10.1

W

sky
wLH

subtraction
wLlLM

(to) subtract,
(to) take away,
(to) remove
wlLM A

earth, ground
WwLG

(to) clean
WL.z.t.ig.q

hook, hanger

wLr

(to) hang,
(to) hook
wLr A

world

wLw

Blissymbol

wLwx

ee ae re wor ey Gee
Vat Saad Oe = 1 Ais olga abe

eee SPE VE

(to) bury

wLUwx

Blissymbol part

wLwx .qqw

(to) lie down

wLx

anywhere

WLx4

space

WWwX

dish, plate

WLxx

place, location
wLy

(to) put
Wly A

court, field

WLy.v.nx

where?

wLz

minus, without

wS

silence

wS.ew

silent
wS.ew V

quiet

wS.ew.zZ

(to) stay
ws.f

poor
ws. iix

flat
wS.p

neither
wS.qr3

nor
ws.qr9

enough

ws. tw

unemployment

wS.vv

vacation
wsS.vv.b.f

infinite

wS.x.X

not

ws .z

no

WSeZez

same, equal
wSw

(to) equal
wSw A

high
wSHwG

low
wSMwG

across

wSwx

different
wSwx2

ladder

wSwxx

Stairs, steps

wSwxSx

left
WwSHx F

right
WwSHx R

arm
wSMx

(to) break
wSMx4 A

breakable,
fragile
wSMx4 DV

broken
wSMx4 VD

(to) stand
wSGx

sport stick
wSGx4

(to) hug,

(to) embrace

3 @w~-i9

(to) smash
WwSx.t. qqw

are ia\=im lias

Now

(to) sit

wSxx

wrist
WwSMxy3H

elbow
wSMxy3M

back
wSGxy3H

buttocks, bottom
wSGxy3M

genitals
wSGxy9

on
wSy

linear thing
Le?

xl V

pen, pencil
x4L

(to) write
x4LA

screw

XL CHE

departure
<enS

(to) go,
(to) leave

xL.f3A

return
xL. f9

(to) return,
(to) come back

xL.f9 A

oe ere oe le (tar
Peer te oe fe 1? 71 ois abe

HADI TT (to) draw,

crayon,
coloured pencil

bat

xL. iw

signature

xL. ix

belt
xL. kkwwyy

tt stick
> xL. kkx

wire

xL.mx

| | {
ch

| x EAC

late
xL.q.hwx

iSiiR (1) after (2) behind

between
XE X

(to) fasten,
to) join

(to) attach
xL.t.xA

together
XL .K Vv.

cane

xl. vww

electric wire,
electric cord

xL. vx

copy, repetition,

duplicate
xo

(to) repeat,
(to) copy,
(to) duplicate,
(to) reproduce
xL.xA

strap, string
dbo So had

limits

xL.x

mentally
handicapped

t @xt. xj

physically

other

SL 72

deep
xLxy

dollar
xLxzs

thin
xLy3. xy

thick, fat
xLy3.xy R

wide
xLy9. xy

cent
xLzc

handicapped
7 © xL.x.kkww

y the pointer

specific
x28 V

a, an, any
x4S

general
x4S V

anytime

xS. hwx

ever
xS.hwx V

anything
x$.

[TT] this
XS:q

from

RS ali

away, off
XSoicrR

anyone
SSS

CoO
[. we xS.. ft
LY near, close
—
| almost, nearly
xS.x

LWT far, distant

Eestp
See ee, QQ) similar (2) like

xS.x.ww

similar sound

xS.x.ww. ew

Hitt tttttt rhyme

xS.x.ww.ew

IY shallow
xSxy

fttiftittt- the pointer

(1?! conditional
HE indicator
wale ry.

what?
z?G

when?

z?. hwx

“pardon?”

ZO

past conditional
indicator
Z Pak

what thing?
Zonal

why?

Ziap

ORS heme fas mo EIN cy nE NC een Sele) gh UCN G TPA Bess
ee Nae IR ae eer iicmelore

Z punctuation, numbers,

how much?
how many?
Zr

how?

Fal W

command
z!

intensity
z!

please
z!.b

let's

‘E: Zat{XaSaz
Ale

comma

Z,

who, which,
that, when,
where

(“the relativizer’’)

TART

whose

PAY Andi h

example,
sample
zl

Coo
GO z1.hwx
Ko.
f{{Ti each
a Zan
ZS
M_ first
L ZileeG}
Av next

decade
z10.hr

century
z100.hr

pair
z2

bicycle
z2.g

skis

z2.Ww

letters

second
Zo

tricycle
ZSAG

home run
z4.rry

week
z7.hw

alphabet, letters
zabc

| The World
We Live In

1. Space 66
2. The World 66
3. Weather 69

LAT

sun

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like
the sun)

star

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like
a star)

astronaut,
cosmonaut

(person + rocket: a
®person who goes up in
a rocket)

2. The World

EARTH, AIR, FIRE
AND WATER

earth, ground

(full-sized horizontal
line on the “earthline’
of the symbol drawing
area)

,

moon

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a
crescent moon)

earth (as planet)

(pictograph of the
earth, showing its axis)

comet cert ~4rocket e
A (pictograph of a rocket

+ arrow to show

upward motion)

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a star
with a curved tail)

To save space in symbol descriptions, references to the writings of Charles
Bliss are abbreviated CKB.

creation, nature

(an equal-sided triangle: CKB points out that @
the Greeks considered the equal-sided

triangle to be the simplest and most

harmonious geometrical creation, and proof

that the world is not chaos, but organized

according to harmonious lines)

sky

(full-sized horizontal
line on the “skyline”’
of the symbol drawing
area)

map

(page + earth: a page
showing a representation
of the earth)

world

(sky + earth: what
exists between sky
and earth)

© world that surrounds us)

6/

environment

(earth + water + sky:
the complete physical

pollution

(waste + environment:
“NN _ waste products that
®spoil the environment)

. i t a
© Fo light ‘Tr air, atmosphere fA gas
aie, J (sky + nose: we (pictograph: the
(sun + eye: we see by '-f- breathe air from symbol looks like a gas
the light of the sun) Le the sky) bubble rising upward)
fire fl [114] water, liquid
(the symbol looks a a Ss “1 T- (the symbol looks like
7. like aflame, aia (part (of) + fire) a wave, suggesting
@) / suggesting fire) os ttt. water or liquid)
steam

(water + up: when
water is converted

oil

(two parallel liquid

PB gce Rh bitin’ «NZ symbols: oil floats
: ASS '
it rises) Sree
seq, ocean
© lake

GEOGRAPHICAL

(much + much +

FEATURES (much + water: a : water: a large body
antes body of water) x Bee of water)
Sauer crterrr beach, shore poo :sisland
Samm LO TTT (earth + water: the CPP TTTTEETT | (water + earth +
(water + forward: ~ EEE place where land — ES water: land
water that flows) mee touches water) oR SC surrounded by water)

68

mud

(extended earthline +
water: a mixture

= composed of more

earth than water)

orchard

x 4 b _(grove + fruit)
1®

forest, woods

(many + many +
>. x tree: a large group of

trees)

country,
countryside ttt grove

(many + tree: a group Be
of trees)

(earth + tree: the
place where trees
dominate the
landscape)

e
One or more half-sized multiplication symbols are used with other symbols to
create compound symbols with collective meanings. When used for this pur-
pose, the half-sized multiplication symbol does not have an indicator, and
the English equivalents are:
x much, many or group of
> <>, 4 very much, very many

See, for example, lake, ocean, dirty and meal.

mountain

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a mountain)

hill valley

(mountain + earth +
(mountain + little: a mountain + pointer:
EE small mountain) the low place between

mountains)

NATURAL OBJECTS

stone, rock
4 (half-sized symbol for

mountain)

ae a ee ee

Roi hole between two i
ae half-sized earthlines) a,

¥
hole SaSresa5 pak ye e)

(pictograph: the

symbol looks like a (hole + mountain: a

@hole in a mountainside)

@

powder, dust

cr el

sto (three ““powder-like”’ ame sand

4 dots located at the yl (powder + rock:
<. points of the stone act A powdered rock)

symbol)

69

crystal +, mine

(pictograph: the symbol MAN-MADE 4 (mountain + dot: the
looks like a crystal GEOGRAPHICAL Ly dot locates the position
and incorporates the FEATURES of the mine deep
thing symbol) within the mountain)
bridge coe sity Potts Street

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a
bridge between two
half-sized earthlines)

(house with an
extended earthline
+ pointer)

(many + many +
house: a very large
group of buildings)

weather

(sun + rain: these
symbols represent the
two major types of
weather conditions)

fog

(sky + water: a
formation of water
droplets below the sky)

cloud

(water + sky: a
formation of water
droplets in the sky)

The position of a symbol in relation to earthline and skyline is a factor in
determining meaning.

€) rain
In some instances the positioning of the symbol is arbitrary. For example:
(water + down: water
that falls down from belongs to (possessive) (@)and@ plus@ also with(the help of),

the sky) on eben skyline
© = = a so eee earthline

Usually the positioning of the symbol relates to its meaning. For example:

to) rain

: >) fini beach, shore water, liquid cloud

rain + action :
(rai SEDGE Cee SE a SR
indicator) Ny so

ee ees Orting

rainy

(rain + description
indicator)

(to) freeze

(water + thing +
action indicator: water
becoming solid ice)

wind
(air + forward: air that
moves forward)

(to) blow

(wind + action
indicator)

WORDS THAT
DESCRIBE THE
WEATHER

cold

(opposite meaning +
hot + description
indicator)

ice
(water + thing: water

transformed into a
solid thing)

(to) thaw

(thing + water +
action indicator: solid
ice becoming water)

storm ann AGGe Se
(much + wind) x< PD +

lightning

(sky + electricity:
electricity that comes
from the sky)

hot

(fire + two pointers
suggesting radiation of
heat + description
indicator)

wet

(water + description
after the fact indicator)

hail

(ice + down: ice
particles that fall down
from the sky)

@

SNOW

(rain + star: water
that comes down from
the sky in star-shaped
flakes)

snowstorm

(storm + snow)

thunder

(ear + lightning:
sound that
accompanies lightning)

warm

(hot + little +
description indicator)

dry

(opposite meaning +
wet + description
after the fact indicator)

Ht Livin

g
Things

Plants
ean a

1
2
3. Human Beings 74
4. The Body 78

I
8 Ke

1. Plants

flower an

plant | stem
(pictograph: the (pictograph: the :
eVbalieekhtee symbol looks like 0 Nae pointer
flower with a leaf) I a flower) A
neem ipec trunk Sennaee Penner
(pictograph: the : se eae Bane an
symbol looks like a (tree + pointer to (part (of) + tree)
TH tree) trunk)
Paemeric |: leaf HHH seed
(pictograph: the symbol oe (earth + two dots
He (linear thing + tree) ee re lean) |) below it to represent
aa ew “seeds)
vegetable vegetable
fq roots (above ground) -+;7> (below ground)

(pictograph: the

symbol looks like a
vegetable with the edible
portion above the earth
and the root below)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like two roots

he below the earth)

leafy vegetable fruit
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a leafy
vegetable with the
grass-like edible A
portion above the earth)

looks like a piece of
fruit with a curved
stem, in the position it
would have if hanging
from a tree)

AE

(pictograph: the symbol amen

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a vegetable
with the edible portion
below the earth and
the leafy portion above)

berry

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a berry with
a curved stem, inthe
position it would have
if protruding from

a bush)

grass +), cereal, grain
“= (pictograph: the symbol

a looks like two stalks of
ae grain; it is made up of
two grass symbols)

(pictograph: the symbol
AG looks like a blade

of grass)

tobacco

(leaf + to smoke: a
leaf used for smoking)

garden

(flower + earth: a
place with flowers)

park oneal
(flower + earth + +

tree: a place with S
flowers and trees)

b.

= oe

73

orchard
(grove + fruit)

_0 being, creature egg 174] animal
1 ae eR : piel ictograph: the
ea noe rato (seed + life) i Loe ay like a
: 2 g VN creature with four legs)
ESET sa) pet snail ‘}T7{ 4 Insect

/ (animal + feeling: an
~ animal for which one

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a snail)

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a

has feeling) creature with six legs)
[12 spider 11) butterfly, moth iL wings ii) bird
~. (pictograph: the \/ : ; mae (pictograph: the = | (pictograph: the symbol
a symbol looks like (X) ee Ste eBenik Co symbol looks like N.- looks like the wings
a spider) tt a pair of wings) —t and feet of a bird)
fish HHH] snake ee :
; ERRoBE : earth + snake: a
(pictograph: the symbol Coo (pictograph: the symbol Sai craahirennar

looks like a fish)

looks like a snake)

lives under the earth)

74 Yim Navisatel is

cage

PLACES WHERE Ly Soaneneees ZOO — (enclosure + barred

PEOPLE KEEP window: an enclosed

ANIMALS ii space from which

CEI © something cannot
escape)

(park + animal: a park

+ IK ne animals)

3. Human Beings

person,

| individual oan ete myself
t human bein | Mas
| : PRONOUNS -|-4 (person + 1: the first

(pictograph: human ee
being standing, with Pp ingular)
feet turned out)

“1/1. you, yourself Sore) ah eh ihineelt (}11 she, her, herself
Het apetech oe (man + 3: the third ieee o betel ae third
4 Macias eel aia person (male) singular) NN lapieart eure
singular) singular)
we, US, you (plural), they, them,
_— themselves

ourselves * yourselves
(person + 1 + plural iz . (person + 2 + plural (person + 3 + plural

indicator: the first indicator: the second indicator: the third
person plural) person plural) person plural)

3. Human Beings

it self
5 (CKB says that this symbol is derived from the et reference line:
on referring back to

- symbol for small. The symbol also looks like
aa the top part of the man and woman symbols
~~ minus the specific gender parts: “it’”’ is

imprecise as to gender)

oneself as person

| number 1. The second
element can be seen asa
simplified person symbol)

‘1 other child
+~ (reference line + 2: AGE AND SEX (a combination of the
referring to a second DIFFERENCES symbols for flower and
person) little)
baby, infant

(child symbol turned
on side: a child too
young to stand)

Charles Bliss writes that a child is like a little flower; hence his symbol for a
child is a combination of the symbols for little and flower, with “a big head
and little arms and feet, just like a little child.” Deriving from this, the symbol for
adult is a combination of the symbols for big and flower (a person reaching
full flower) and a teenager is the “in-between” size: a combination of the
big, little and flower symbols. The baby symbol is a child symbol turned on

BB adult, QrOWN-UP its side, representing a child too young to stand on its feet.
(a combination of
‘T.. the symbols for flower
and big)
teenager,
adolescent

[T]
+ (a combination of the
symbol for flower and
the symbols for little and

big: a person between
childhood and adulthood)

man woman
Et] (a combination of male (half-sized action HH (a combination of female (half-sized creation
-[. symbol) + person: the man, according to CKB, -[ symbol) + person: the woman, according to
‘A embodies the action principle in human ‘A. CKB, embodies the creative principle in
‘society. The symbol also looks like a stick human society. The symbol also looks like a

drawing of a man with his legs apart) stick drawing of a woman wearing a skirt)

_, boy

(a combination of the
Q child symbol and the

man symbol: a male

girl

(a combination of the
} child symbol and the
7\ woman symbol: a

Ais

child) female child)
relative family
(protection + person fe citen isl — (man + protection +
FAMILY MEMBERS + protection: two NSN | _ protection + woman:
adjoining roofs are KN a man and a woman
used to mean join their roofs to
“related’’) create a family unit)
husband wife

cael (man + protection:

XC this symbol, joined to
/7* the symbol for wife,
—— produces the family

symbol)

(protection + woman:
this symbol, joined to
the symbol for
husband, produces the
family symbol)

spouse

(person + protection)

fund

father, daddy

—{— (protection + man:
A71i\ aman who gives
~X\i protection to

his family)

mother,
itt t{ mommy, mummy

(protection + woman:
a woman who gives
protection to her
family)

parent

(person + protection:
a person who gives
protection to his/her
family)

stepfather

(husband + mother:
the husband of one’s
mother)

stepmother

(wife + father: the
-| © wife of one’s father)

Charles Bliss writes: ““A father is symbolized by a man holding up the roof of
his home, protection for his family.” Similarly, the mother symbol represents
a woman holding up the roof, and the parent symbol represents a human
being of either sex in the same position. Bliss continues, “And look, the roof
symbol has changed into the arms of father and mother, who open up their
arms to embrace their children in love.”

CPi a Olaavelal=\-s1ale i

grandfather,
grandpa

(father + parent: the
father of one’s father
or mother)

uncle

(brother + parent: the
brother of one’s father
or mother)

brother

(protection + male +
2: a male family
member considered in
relation to another
child of his parents)

grandmother,
grandma

(mother + parent: the
mother of one’s father
or mother)

aunt

(sister + parent: the
sister of one’s father
or mother)

sister

(protection + female
+ 2: a female family
member considered in
relation to another
child of her parents)

; (parent + parent: the
—@ Parent of one’s parent)

uncle, aunt
(sibling + parent)

sibling
a (protection + male +
z+ ~=—o female + 2: a male or
rab female family member
AKA2 considered in relation

to another child of the
same parents)

[ttt =6son
fn (protection + male: a
“AS small male born under
the family roof)

A

daughter

(protection + female:
a small female born
under the family roof)

offspring, child

Lt (protection + male +

7 xe female: a small male

7A 0° female born under
the family roof)

nephew

son of one’s brother
© or sister)

BANC (son + sibling: the eS )

A ; ED the daughter of one’s
© Bi ®brother or sister)

niece
(daughter + sibling:

nephew/niece
(offspring + sibling:

RO

AY ty _ the child of ‘
AAKAA2 brother a

cousin ana

one’s uncle or aunt)

? T

\ (offspring + sibling + u

i arent: the child of ig “
ieee L /\ i.

couple

(man + woman)

(man + protection +
woman: a couple
under one roof)

78

3. Human Beings

cot ~«Cisitor, guest

(person + to visit:
a person who comes

Hatt friend
| - | (person + to like: a

person whom one likes)

HUMAN BEINGS
OUTSIDE THE FAMILY

a I to visit)
co resident neighbour ere stranger
is | (person + house: a E “|, 1. (person + house + (WV) A (person + strange: a
Zz aS person who lives in | | near: a person who ? person who is strange,
a house) 8 lives in a nearby house) fie UNKnown)

4. The Body

Bis oa bait itt chest ttt stomach
(pictograph: the symbol = ; Aca,
looks like the trunk of (body + pointer J} (body + pointer
the body, without head to chest) to stomach)
and limbs)

= side neck shoulder
(body + pointer (body + pointer (body + pointer to
to side) to neck) shoulder)

Hitt crotch breast(s) waist
(body + pointer (body + two pointers | )< (body + two pointers
to crotch) to breasts) “to waist)

7 Waa ato sfore \Y

back

(standing person +
pointer to back)

buttocks, bottom — genitals

(standing person + < (standing person +
pointer to buttocks) pointer to genital area)

cy arm
EE (pictograph: the symbol

— looks like an arm bent
Li upward)

elbow

(arm + pointer
to elbow)

wrist

(arm + pointer
to wrist)

frit] muscle
|, (pictograph of an arm

Co | . with a bulging biceps
it~ + pointer)

_,, hand
a (pictograph: the symbol
if

looks like the shape
formed by a thumb
and an index finger)

The symbol for person: Lt is adapted to create additional meanings.
These variations, drawn as side views of a person, are used as the basis for
still other meanings:

standing person back sick person pain

L 4 (knees drawn up in pain)

N QIAN
kneeling person (to) crawl

A person lying down (to) bury
‘ Le :
oo

weak person weak —
(buckling at the knee) Y

2 2

In addition, a simplified person symbol is found in several symbols:

self other

| 6

finger HH thumb

(hand + pointer S
— to finger)

(hand + pointer
to thumb)

legs and feet en ee

(pictograph: the symbol en
looks like a side view INN
of a pair of legs and
feet)

foot

(legs and feet +
pointer to foot)

knee

(kneeling person +
pointer to knee joint)

legs and feet +
pointer to leg)

heel

(legs and feet +
pointer to heel)

ankle

(kneeling person +
pointer to ankle joint)

hip
(legs and feet +
pointer to hip)

toe

(legs and feet +
pointer to toe)

head

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a human
head, with lines
indicating nose

and mouth)

hair ae

face

in tPene cael ae ae
t Nd (linear thing + head <- (pictograph: the symbol cheek
L EL + pointer to top of looks like a face, with < (face + pointer
head, where hair ‘ two dots for eyes, and ~* to cheek)
grows) ~ nose and mouth lines)
ee hin beard T] ear

(face + pointer
NEY) to chin)
NN

eye =
© (pictograph: the symbol =C)
mt looks like an eye) Sey.

(linear thing + face +
pointer to chin, where
beard grows)

eyebrow

(eye + half-sized line
+ pointer)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a side view
of an ear)

eyelid
(eye + pointer)

4, The Body 8]

mouth oat ae motor ~(ftengue
(pictograph: the symbol lips aaeen”, <a (part (of) + mouth +
looks like a round J (mouth + two pointers) “= O |. up and down: the part
open mouth) w~ Pe StL LEN Y @of the mouth that

moves up and down)

ptt

4
|

teeth “[) nose oon Brain
(pictograph: the symbol / (pictograph: the symbol (iN (mind + thing indicator:

looks like two teeth) looks like a side view an organ of the body,

of a nose) Ltt ~aconcrete object)

WORDS TO DESCRIBE

THE BODY

bone [It] «joint (ttt iiot skeleton
(pictograph: the symbol ateae (two bones witha Tage \\ (structure + being: the
looks like a bone shaft ||| _ pointer to the junction | supporting structure of
with ends) >. ——+©where they meet) oes he ®q living creature)

heart ma ecean oor sskin
(heart shape + thing blood (protection + body:
indicator: an organ of (liquid + life) protective covering for

the body, a concrete
object)

the body)

beautiful, attractive

good-looking, pretty, Vit sougly, unattractive
ey VW,
handsome 6) F, ' (eye + sad + description
(eye + happy + ‘aa indicator:displeasing to the eye)

description indicator:
pleasing to the eye)

i

Vv

BO.

4. The Body

thick, fat

(two full-sized vertical reference lines with

wide space between them + two pointers +

description indicator: the pointers point inward
© toward the thick shape formed by the

reference lines)

big, large

(full-sized vertical line bounded by half-sized

thin

(two full-sized vertical reference lines with
narrow space between them + two pointers
+ description indicator: the pointers point
inward toward the thin shape formed by the
reference lines)

‘vy little, small
(half-sized vertical line bounded by half-sized

sky and earthlines + description indicator: the HE midline and earthline + description indicator:

vertical line extends to the biggest possible

size within the symbol square)

health

(symbol for simplified
person with arm bent
as if exercising: i.e., a
person ina state of
health)

weak

(standing person who
is buckling at the knees
+ description indicator)

BODY FUNCTIONS

bowel movement
(waste + buttocks)

O/

the vertical line is relatively little)

a y strong
healthy , (symbol for simplified
_| (health + description person with arm bent,
i indicator) 1 flexing his biceps +
i description indicator)
tired

NE ES, Pres a

ak.

(rest + to need +
_ description after the
@fact indicator: needing
rest)

digestion

(food + through: food
passing through the
body)

(to) burp

(wind + body +
upward arrow +
action indicator: to
make a wind up out of
the stomach)

urine

(waste + genitals)

4. The Body

(to) spit
(mouth + downward
= curving arrow +
On action indicator: to
a expel from one’s
mouth)

9 ae (to) sleep ye

(eye + to close +

Oo action indicator: to o}
“4 close one’s eyes in

breath

(nose + mouth)

asleep

(to sleep + description
indicator)

83

(to) breathe

(breath + action
indicator)

awake
Wt (eye + open +

vex | description indicator:
© the state one is

in when one’s eyes

ee) are open)
to) yawn Sie
( ) i fo. ‘ SEX AND = ate
Ban oma Saher ie ondose REPRODUCTION € asia salir
) when one is sleepy) (NX ©
pregnant birth

oe = menstruation
aA (blood + month)

(before + birth +
description indicator: a
woman’s condition

t © before she bears

[ITT] (protection (roof) +
gt star: someone new
AN under the roof. CKB
- points out that

newspapers often use

her child) a star to denote a birth)
) ee cicke al ase |
HANDICAPS, =eae (person lying on back Eicerie ER attack (of illness)
INJURIES AND a4 with knees drawn up in zee ¢ (sick + limited time)
SICKNESS AN pain + description LNKA
indicator)
© in to) injure,
hoe aa carton =«(to) hurt, peo
rtrirtitt (feeling + sick + Waele to tore (to) hurt,
(to) feel
“description indicator: tpt 0) ee! pain (to) cause pain
feeling which makes | ‘- (pain + action —Ne
one draw up one’s indicator) “(to cause + pain +

knees)

action indicator)

htt ~=handicap
ee (ability + limits:
FIR |_| @limited ability)

v. blind

ane”. (eye + cross out +

description indicator:
ti unable to see)
(to) cough

(mouth + wind +
intensity symbol +
action indicator: to
have a strong wind
come from one’s
mouth)

(to) sneeze
(nose + wind +

A
intensity symbol +
! action indicator: to
have a strong wind

come from one’s nose)

(to) vomit

LV! ae | V HH a
a 2 (limits + body + ort fin
te description indicator: is - @ description indicator:

mentally
handicapped
(limits + mind +

physically
handicapped

having limits to one’s

having limits to one’s
mental abilities)

physical abilities)

non-speaking,
non-vocal

(mouth + cross out +
_@description indicator:
unable to speak)

deaf

(ear + cross out +
description indicator:
unable to hear)

Quarter-sized symbols called indicators can be positioned over Blissymbols.
They signal various grammatical forms of the word associated with the sym-
bol, while allowing the root meaning to be retained. The basic indicators are:

thing indicator action indicator
oO A

description (evaluation) indicator plural indicator
Vv x

Note: In order to conserve space, the description (evaluation) indicator is
called, simply, the description indicator in the symbol descriptions.

A
“mm (out of + food +
O action indicator: to
sm _ expel food)
help, aid,

AIDS FOR assistance “ign aid, support
HANDICAPS, (diagonal line + | (help + thing
INJURIES AND person: the person / + _ indicator: a concrete
SICKNESS symbol appears to be Cb (8) thing that aids or

helping the leaning
line)

supports a person)

85

4. The Body

; walker
Tato hearing aid Gee brace ‘OTT UALEL (support + medical +
(aid + ear + CT TaAracTAT «oto walk: + thing
4S electricity + thing AG | (support + medical + /\ t _ indicator + action
_ ® indicator: electrical aid ) ® thing indicator) at N= @ indicator: a medical
for the ear) support that helps a

person to walk)

crutches cane

(tools + medical + to
walk + plural

(linear thing + to walk
+ thing indicator +
indicator + action action indicator: a
indicator: medical linear thing used to
devices for walking) help a person to walk)

++ (eye) glasses __ medical ———s ~~
i Ges (pictograph: the symbol ¥} (a simplification of the RERGEA medicine
looks like a pair of q pod oue wee e Cl “44 (chemical product
gece Os Stee symbol + description cee Miesclielt
©) ean indicator)
: Peer cast
pill, tablet bandage

(disc + medical:
medicine in disc form)

(cloth + protection “Tq Nc eee clay
: Pi aa | + body: a medical
+ medical) 4 enclosure for the body)

© (to give)
ALCO artificial

> | / C) respiration
hen... ® (to cause + to breathe

+ action indicator)

dirty, soiled

| spot, mark cane

eae : Bee (many + spot +
A aa ©: (eye + dot: aidot VW description indicator:

“perceived by the eye)

having many spots)

7am aX sfole NV

v' clean ALI (to) clean LHALLTIT (to) wipe

anes (opposite meaning + BaGeRnaRaRee (to remove + comma ttre (cloth + toand fro +
| © * dirty + description beled 2.4 ©): + dirt + action leas > action indicator: to
-— indicator) Se eee MIMCCION) move a cloth to and fro)

a) cA (to) wash,

—— bath, basin, sink <== (to) bathe ———-—— | _ bathroom
Cy (water + container) Cy (bath + action me K Y ~ (room + bath)

indicator)
111) shower Cha soap ERE ie rac
tt (room + water + pia eee F
ae down: a room where (thing + to wash) oars ail
water pours down)
Aut (to) shave | toothpaste
co (to cut + beard + ttt toothbrush (chemical product +
sea ee Li brochiiesih brush + teeth: a
a neeecicaek al VV tere eee chemical product for
NN g . brushing teeth)
rtt4=comb - (to) comb
Peer (pictograph: the symbo
ise looks like a side view (comb + action
| i | Braco) indicator)

lll Being
Alive

A. A. ThingsWeDo We Do

1. Living 88

2. Having, Getting
andGiving 90

3. Doing, Making

and Breaking 92

Moving and Staying

Still 96

Thinking 100

Feeling 106

Things We Need

Clothes 110

Food 113

Buildings 119

Rooms 122
Furnishings 123

Tools, Machines and
Building Materials 126
Chemicals and

Waste Products 129
Energy 130

~

Oo Oa ee 2 OD

life

(a combination of the
symbols for sun and
person: energy
produced by the sun
enables the individual
to live)

Charles Bliss writes that two sizes
of the same symbol can represent
the same basic meaning. The half-
sized symbol is used to “minimize”
the meaning of the full-sized sym-
bol. For example:

big meaning _ little meaning

(to) live (to) be, (to) exist
A A
D O
(to) own, (to) have
(to) possess
A A

eb "

(to) grow

TA]

D

A.

oO

(to) live

(life + action
indicator)

(to) become

(to advance + to be +
action indicator: to
®come to be)

birth

(protection (roof) +
star: someone new
under the roof. CKB
points out that
newspapers often use
a star to denote a birth)

(to) change

(a simplified version of
the symbol for
weather + action
indicator: CKB points

out that weather is
ever-changing)

(flower + up + action indicator: to come up
as flowers do. CKB says that this symbol
applies primarily to agriculture and

horticulture, but that it may be used in a more

general sense, such as “children grow up.”’)

behaviour

(activity + creature:
activities of a living
being)

date (social)

(to meet + man +
woman: a man and
(woman meeting each

other socially)

LAJ

—

loi

eas

before she bears

(to) be, (to) exist

(half-sized symbol for
to live + action
indicator; the little
meaning of to live)

real

(to be + half-sized
earthline + description
indicator: existing

on earth)

pregnant

(before + birth:
a woman’s condition

her child)

(to) develop

(to change + forward
+ action indicator

to change ina
progressive way)

(to) increase

(big + action indicator:
to become bigger)

(to) hug,

(to) embrace

© (arm + around +

action indicator)

engaged
(before + to marry +

} © description indicator

death

(life + cross out:
life destroyed)

mortal

(death + description
before the fact
indicator)

young

(child + description
indicator)

(to) kiss

(mouth + mouth +
action indicator: to
touch one’s mouth to
another’s mouth)

(to) marry

(protection + to |

combine + action AN

indicator: to join
together and live
under one roof)

(to) die

(death + action
indicator)

dead

(death + description
after the fact indicator)

old

(opposite meaning +
young + description
indicator)

divorce

(to marry + division:
the legal division of a
married couple)

(to) bury

(earthline + to lie
down + action
indicator: to lay to rest
below the earth)

ym slow diate Fk CZ=1ailare Me laremCaNalare

HAVING

(to) share

(to have + together +
action indicator)

(to) hide,

(to) conceal

(to make + minus +
eye + action

indicator: to make
invisible)

(to) give, (to) offer

(up + container +
action indicator: to
take something from
one’s supply of things)

(to) lend

(to give + limited time
+ action indicator: to
give for a limited time)

(to) catch

(hand + to receive
+ action indicator)

(to) own,
(to) possess

(addition + earth +
action indicator: to
have a big earthly
addition or plus)

(to) hold

(container + action
indicator)

GETTING AND GIVING

(to) exchange

(to receive + to give
+ action indicator)

(to) find,

(to) discover
(eye + thing +
earthline + action

indicator: to see
something on the earth)

(to) learn

(to receive +
knowledge + action
indicator)

(to) have

(half-sized symbol for to
own: to have
something in one’s
possession without
necessarily owning it)

(to) keep,
(to) save

(to hold + future +
action indicator: to
hold for the future)

(to) get,
(to) receive

(down + container +
action indicator: to add
something to one’s
supply of things)

(to) borrow

(to receive + limited
time + action
indicator: to receive
for a limited time)

(to) lose

(opposite meaning +
to find)

(to) teach

(to give + knowledge
+ action indicator)

2. Having, Getting and Giving 9

(to) buy,
9 ee ae (to) pay A (to) purchase ALES

rT i) (to give + money + ‘a (money it thing ty
Ni ) action indicator) action indicator: first you have a thing,

you have the money, which which you sell for
you use to buy a thing) money)

(to) sell

(thing + money +
action indicator: first

(to) win

(race + addition +
action indicator: to
achieve a “’big plus”

through competition)

(to) decrease

(little + action
indicator: to become
smaller)

(to) need

(a person who is
leaning, i.e., who
needs support +
action indicator)

(to) help, (to) aid,
(to) support,

(to) assist

(

help + action
indicator)

(to) gather

(gathering + action
indicator)

(to) bring

(to carry + forward +
reference line +
action indicator: to
carry toward a given
location)

necessary

(to need + description
indicator)

(to) support
(financially)

(to help + with the
help of + money +
action indicator)

T

(to) increase

(big + action
indicator: to become
bigger)

(to) send

(to carry + reference
line + forward +
action indicator: to
carry away froma
given location)

(to) protect,
(to) take care of
(

protection + action
indicator)

ULE

DOING

(to) do, (to) act

A

He (half-sized action

A symbol + action
indicator)

¥en BYoy[avopar Viel diate Melarem=1a-reL diate

(to) play
(todo + happy +

action indicator: to

pursue activities that
make one happy)

(to) prepare

(todo + for + future
+ action indicator: to
4 d0 (something) in

2 order to be ready for
the future)

(to) obey

(todo + by + to guide
+ action indicator:

© to do (something) by
the rules)

eens

(to) practise

(to work + to repeat
+ action indicator: to

ZN 1-416 work (at something)
repeatedly)

Pies
Pinas:

value, evaluation

(the symbol represents
a cone in an unstable
position, balanced on
its point, and reminds
us that our evaluations
of things are fallible)

(to) smoke

CT (the symbol looks like
0 ; ? a mouth holding a
Ls smoking cigarette +

action indicator)

mya

‘774 ready, prepared
xx f (to prepare +

description after the
1 foc indicator)

work,
employment

A (two half-sized action
symbols, one above
A the other to “heighten”
the meaning: activity
done with a purpose)

(to) exercise

A —y (to work + healthy +
u action indicator: to

work in a healthy
manner)

ability, capability
(reference dot +
evaluation: an
evaluation of potential
to do something)

—= event, happening
O (to be + half-sized

earthline)

W

(to) finish

(todo + all + action

(to) work

(work + action
indicator)

(to) use

mind + tool + action
indicator: to
manipulate a tool
rationally)

can, (to) be able

(dot + half-sized
evaluation symbol +
action indicator: to
evaluate beforehand
one’s ability todo
something in the future)

(to) occur
(

event + action
indicator)

Fam Blo} ate PauUvel diate Molaro mi six=xel diate

cause

(an outline shape

. based on the relation »
? symbol: the wedge Cy
/ presses into the thing

on which it has an effect)

effect

(an outline shape
based on the relation
symbol: the effect is
the imprint left by the
wedge-shaped symbol

for cause)

(to) be
caused by

(to cause +
passive indicator)

(to) cause <1

’ (cause + action |
+ indicator) |

(to give) artificial
va respiration
O (to cause + to breathe

€) | 7 + action indicator)

_ (to) injure,
Str (to) hurt,
Bese (to) cause pain
WZ IN® (to cause + pain +
action indicator)

(to) create

MAKING (creation + action
indicator)

(to) make cloth, CALI

(to) weave |

(to make + cloth +
action indicator)

(to) knit

(to make + cloth + 2 + linear thing + action
indicator + thing indicator: to make cloth
using two linear things—knitting needles)

(to) improve

KD NA (to cause + better +
oe | action indicator: to
eel *® cause to be better, ina

rational sense)

ACHE (to) dry
| ANS (to cause + dry +
‘aa ft @action indicator)
(to) make

(TAT. (flattened version of
creation symbol,

meaning man-made,

the process by which

human beings make

things + action indicator)

(to) crochet

(to make + cloth +
hook + action
indicator: to make
cloth with a hook)

(to) cook

(to make + food +
action indicator)

Fs DYo} ato mm \YACo] alate Mel alom s1a-veL diate

carry += (to) fix, (to) repair
[Saree A (to make + to work +
on action indicator: to
Zs A © make something work

again)

eas —
1 feral
bef Nott eect

Alt

(to) attach
(

together + action
indicator)

(to) repeat, (to) copy
(A. (to) duplicate, HAL
(to) reproduce

(two reference lines +
action indicator: the
line is repeated)

ar paint

(paint + action

indicator)
L (AY
BREAKING mae
‘'y!1 breakable, fragile val
(to break +

description before the
fact indicator)

AY

(to) invent

(plan + first + action

indicator: to plan for
© the first time)

(to) glue,
(to) stick

(glue + action
indicator)

(to) fill

(full + action indicator)

(to) write

(pen + action
indicator)

(to) break

(a “broken” line +
action indicator)

broken

(to break +
description after the
fact indicator)

(to) combine,
(to) connect

(two half-sized circles,
which are overlapping
+ action indicator)

(to) fold

(the curved arrow

“pulls together’ the
© two reference lines +

action indicator)

A (to) sew

Bi

(needle + action
indicator)

(to) smash

(to break + many +
piece + action
indicator: to break into
many pieces)

A

\nasiprsanbvemavsomnonipranrtensangmannndinrbotied

Pam Dloyi ate Pastel diate melaten sigztel.qiare

— YK

(to) crush

arrow + thing +
arrow + action
indicator: to crush a

Heh atentntenintons = thing by pressure from

|
fos

ima
[|

— a eee toon or

both directions)

(to) cut

(knife + action
indicator)

(to) chop

(to cut + intensity +

|@ action indicator)

(to) divide

(division + action
indicator)

(to cross out,
(to) destroy,
(to) delete, (to) cancel

(a diagonal line used
to cross out something
+ action indicator)

The description (evaluation) indicator, used to create the equivalent of an
adjective or adverb, is the form of the description indicator most commonly
used in the BCI vocabulary. For example:
long young
v Vv
The description (evaluation) before the fact indicator is used to represent an
evaluation made before an action takes place. The dot comes before the

evaluation symbol. For example:

breakable, fragile
say,

~

(Something is judged to be breakable before the object is put to the test.)
The description (evaluation) after the fact indicator is used to represent an
evaluation made after an action has taken place. The dot comes after the
evaluation symbol. For example:

broken
ae

~

(Something is evaluated as broken after the breakage has occurred. )

Van VVoyvd tale melalemeicen alate RSiILL

action, act, deed activity
(from shape of volcano EL ainalieieciaen
MOVING cone, which CKB says es Malian an
represents ‘’one of the A action ot lescer
primeval actions of our importance)
earth’’)
work,
(to) do, (to) act A (to) aly HH alia aeyimtetn

(two half-sized action
symbols, one above
the other to “heighten”

p>

ko
co ~~ (todo + happy +
ea ells Ochion action indicator: to
A symbol + action / CEN pursue activities that

acai) make one happy) the meaning: activity
with a purpose)
(A) (to) work ratty (to) Pion CAT He verte F
- . J ty «(to work + to repeat Tay | (to wor ealthy
A (work + edad : VA [ + action indicator: to A action indicator: to
A indicator: to do witha At: k hi TAL ki neslin
rpose) © work (at something) JN work in a healthy
Pore repeatedly) manner)
(to) kick
(to) walk, (to) go (legs and ie + woe Peer) (to) run
t t t oe el ;
Ieper s esior essay DEY ZS (to walk + quick +
indicator) move legs and feet CT action indicator)
forcefully
“A (to) climb FEAL (to) hop (to) dance
a (to walk + up + ies (1 + foot + action (to walk + musical
| ~ action indicator) 1 wale) pares to go on one Hae

(to) come,
(to) approach
(

approach + action
indicator)

(to) go, (to) leave

(departure + action
indicator)

A (to) advance
——<> (forward + action

indicator)

4. Moving and Staying Still

(to) return,
(to) come back
(

return + action
indicator)

A]

(to) continue

(forward arrow

continues past a
reference line +
action indicator)

(to) start, CTA

(to) begin |
(beginning + action >
indicator) a ae
(to) meet

Vv
*S

(two direction arrows
meet each other +
action indicator)

<p |

97

(to) try, (to) attempt

(forward + difficult +
action indicator)

(to) gather

(gathering + action
indicator)

ze quick, fast A

(much + forward

x= v description

indicator)

A] ) turn

va arrow +
pees indicator)

&) ae ten (to) jump

(a curved arrow
indicating the path of a
jump + action
indicator)

ALLE «((to) swim

(through + water +
action indicator: to
move through water)

(to) enter neeu

(into + action

indicator)

lies

(to) visit

(house entered by
forward arrow +
action indicator)

Li

(to) fall

(down + intensity
: action indicator)

(to) circle, (to)
rotate, (to) circulate Sonen

(a curved arrow
suggesting circular
motion + action
indicator)

(to) swing,
(to) rock A

(two-headed curved
arrow suggests
swinging motion +
action indicator)

(to) splash HAL

(to hit + water +
“action indicator)

(to) mix

(two mingling curved
arrows + action
indicator

(to) crawl

(kneeling person +
forward + action
indicator: to go
forward on one’s
knees)

(to) float

(container + water +
action indicator: the
container appears to
float on the water)

(to) ride

(to sit + forward +

| action indicator: to go
'® forward ina sitting

~ position)

(to) touch

(hand + action
indicator)

(to) push,
(to) shove

(forward + thing +
action indicator: the
forward moving arrow
seems to be pushing

A

(to) fly

(wings + action
indicator)

(to) hit

(to touch + two
intensity symbols +
action indicator: to use
the hand forcefully)

(to) pull, (to) tug
(thing + forward +
action indicator: the
forward moving arrow
seems to be pulling the
thing)

(to) fight

(hand crossing hand +
action indicator)

(to) dig

(shovel + earth +
action indicator)

(to) lift, (to) raise

(up + weight + action
indicator: to raise a
weight)

the thing)
_ (to) subtract,
A || (to) shake FRE (to) take away, FAP (to) clean
(up and down + tots ~(to) remove re Oe Orem Ove agama
Sore h oc see Cn ciherarigs + dirt + action
ne action indicator) Lili! (subtraction + action 2S indicator)
indicator)
(to) wipe |
LtA.|
(to) rub (cloth + to and fro + as (to) pu
(hand + to and fro + action indicator: to (place + action
action indicator) move a cloth back and NZ. indicator)
forth)
A (to) open A (to) close, (to) shut IA; LL, (to) hang,

(open + action (enclosure + action enue in (to) hook
indicator) ae indicator) FEM (hook + action

indicator)

4. Moving and Staying Still

(to) turn on,
(to) switch on

switch + action

indicator)

A

(to) travel

(trip + action
indicator)

(to) move

(wheel + half-sized
earthline + action
indicator: a less
emphatic form of the
symbol for to travel)

[eompsinjonmnnionany,

(to) carry,
(to) transport

(thing + wheel +
action indicator: to
move something with
the help of wheels)

(to) drive (a car)

(motor car + action
indicator)

(to) wait

(to stop + limited time
+ action indicator)

(to) kneel

(kneeling person +
action indicator)

(to) rest

(feeling + earth +
action indicator: to feel
that you are at rest on
the earth. CKB points
out that poets use the

earth as a symbol for rest. )

(to) bring

(to carry + forward +
reference line +
action indicator: to
carry toward a given
location)

STAYING STILL

(to) stay

(without + to advance
+ action indicator)

(to) sit

(the symbol looks like
a person ina sitting
position + action
indicator)

(to) send

(to carry + reference
line + forward +
action indicator: to
carry away from a
given location)

(to) end, (to) stop,
(to) arrive

(arrival + action
indicator)

(to) stand

(standing person +
action indicator)

(to) lie down

(the symbol looks like
a person lying down +
action indicator)

a ©

mind
(the symbol looks like
an outline of the skull)

probable

(to doubt + plus +
description before the
fact indicator: in
doubt, but tending
towards the positive)

point of view

(mind + position: a
reasoned position in
regard to something)

meaning

(mind + name: the
significance the mind

A

(to) think,
(to) reason

(mind + action
indicator)

PRODUCTS OF
THE MIND

certain, sure

(opposite meaning +
to doubt + description
indicator)

(to) mean

(meaning + action

(to) doubt

(mind + question
mark + action
indicator)

idea

(mind + down: a
thought issuing from
the mind)

opinion
(mind + mouth: an

expression of what one
thinks)

nonsense

(meaning + to cross

attaches to things and indicator) rN @0vt)
actions)

truth
nonsense! (mind + creation + fact

(nonsense + intensity
symbol: an
exclamation)

“a

plan, method,
system, design

(mind + man-made: a
reasoned-out way for
making something)

Hin

A

question mark: the
mind believes itself to
understand the nature
of things, but it may be
in error)

(to) organize,
(to) arrange

(to plan + many +
thing + action

ZX Ladies to make a

system from many
things)

(mind + real:
something that one
thinks is real)

(to) invent

(plan + first + action
indicator: to plan for
the first time)

101

srry kind, type, sort, (to) use [1 science
(mind + half-sized (mind + tool + action Bis .
division symbol: the indicator: to J\\ (mind + nature: a
mind’s division of CN manipulate a tool | reasoned approach to
things into categories) rationally) nature)

~— mathematics IAT (to) calculate calculator
(machine + to

(science sp @ =p ie ne ! 4 \ (to think ae Osta | calculate + action
, science of numbers) OQ action indicator: to 0 @ indicator: a machine
——= think about numbers) Se =A What calculates)

(to) lead,
| computer (to) guide, (to) direct
ie wens (Coen ee ee tranat MENTAL PROCESSES (mind + forward +

action indicator: to use
mental powers to carry
events or persons
forward)

action indicator: a
machine that thinks)

(to) govern,
(to) follow self-control eee (to) rule

Niet ee “ (to lead + self: iaanuas (to lead + country +
ao Sake indicator) Ee tit ®@guidance of oneself) | action indicator: to

lead a country)

(to) obey (to) let, (to) allow,
A (todo + by + to JA‘ (to) permit
< (NS, guide + colle (mind + through + action indicator: CKB says
A indicator: to do +44, that the symbol shows a thought that goes
(something) by the —

through the mind and is allowed to pass
rules) through a mental barrier)

KUL let's 4-1. (to) excuse k (to) decide

— (command + to let + aS (to let + after + FN] (mind + arrival +
| }-., us + plural indicator: action indicator: to action indicator: to
. _L. 1 @the first person plural condone something arrive at a rational

imperative of to let) after it has occurred) position)

102

x (to) approve

OLN (evaluation + correct

Mi a | + action indicator: to

~NV @ evaluate as rationally
good or correct)

(to) guess

A CT (mind + question +
minus/plus: to think
about something which
is in doubt, and may
be positive or negative)

(to) force,

(to) compel

(mind + strong +
action indicator: to use
the power of the mind
to make something
happen)

(to) observe

(mind + eye + action
indicator: to look at
something thoughtfully)

AL-HH (to) show

(CE (to cause + to observe

+ action indicator)

(Q.?

(to) seem

(to be + mind +
question mark +
action indicator: to
give the impression
of being)

must, (to) be

It
~ forced to
ri (to force: 4
ois passive indicator: to be
forced to do something)
A | (to) contrast

(»\ - (to observe +
| © _ difference + action

eae ® indicator)

(to) describe
(to say + to think +

O | © \ to be + action

“ ®indicator: to say what
you think exists)

A (to) wish

(to think + fire +
action indicator: to
have a rational wish)

un (to) worry ‘i
(worry + action
indicator)

aS =©

ane)

guilt

(mind + weight +
minus + intensity: the
mind weighs
something and judges
it to be negative)

(to) dream

(to think + to sleep +
action indicator: to
think in one’s sleep)

worry

(mind + two
backward arrows:
thinking that one is
beset by opposing
forces)

satisfaction, contentment

(full + mind: CKB quotes the Chinese phrase
to describe a contented man: “his rice bowl is
full’; when a person is contented, he thinks
that his bowl of life is full)

a

DESCRIPTIVE
SYMBOLS RELATED
TO MENTAL ACTIVITIES

smart, clever,
bright, intelligent

(mind + intensity +
description indicator:
having striking mental
abilities)

correct, right,

accurate

(mind + plus +
intensity + description
indicator: to be correct
or right in the rational
sense) See: good, right

incorrect, wrong,

inaccurate

(mind + minus +
intensity + description
indicator: to be incorrect
or wrong in the rational
sense) See: bad, wrong

mistake

(half-sized action
symbol + incorrect)

KNOWING

bols, placed

good (em Honally)

interesting

(mind + intensity +
description indicator:
exciting the mind’s
attention)

stupid, dumb

(opposite meaning +
smart + description

“© indicator)

selfish

(self + mind +
description indicator:
thinking only about
oneself)

correct, right, accurate

a

a

Vv

Hea

V

important,
significant

(mind + two intensity
symbols + description

indicator: very
interesting)

mentally
handicapped
(limits + mind +
adescription indicator:

Shaving limits to one’s
mental abilities)

Ch Nes Bliss writes bout cs bnpie sypbol which can express three levels
f meaning. He uses the heart shape as a symbol for emotion. The outline of
the skull becomes the symbol for mind or logical reasoning. Two mind sym-
one above the other, represent conscience, which he calls the
“reasonin dictated by some one, mind.’ “ For example:

right (morally), good

considerate,
thoughttul

(mind + other +
a@description indicator:

S mindful of others in
one’s behaviour)

knowledge

(a combination of the
symbols for mind +
enclosure: the store
house of the mind)

(to) know

(knowledge + action
indicator)

(to) understand

(forward arrow
entering knowledge +
action indicator: to
absorb knowledge)

(to) explain

(to say + to
understand + action
indicator: to say

3)something in sucha
~ way that another

person understands it)

SYMBOLS
INCORPORATING THE
SUPEREGO SYMBOL

wrong (morally),
bad

(incorrect + conscience
+ description indicator:
morally wrong or bad)
See: incorrect, bad

OTHER SYMBOLS
RELATING TO
MENTAL ACTIVITIES
(Symbols that do not
incorporate ‘’Mind’’)

(to) find,

(to) discover
(eye + thing +
earthline + action

indicator: to see
something on the earth)

(to) forget

(knowledge + arrow
going out + action
indicator: to lose
knowledge)

(to) learn

(to receive +
knowledge + action
indicator)

conscience

(mind + another level
of mind: another level
of consciousness
superimposed on the
rational mind)

sin

(morally wrong +
God: something
morally wrong in
God's eyes)

(to) choose, (to) select

(eye + half-sized
division line + many
+ action indicator: to
use the eye to make a
choice among many
things)

(to) measure

(a combination of the
symbols for long and
short + action
indicator)

Bt.

PTAT

(to) remember

(opposite meaning +
to forget + action
indicator)

(to) teach

(to give + knowledge
+ action indicator)

right (morally),
good

(correct + conscience
+ description indicator:
morally right or good)
See: correct, good

(to) forgive

(a combination of the
symbols for conscience
and to allow + after:

to give moral permission
for a misdeed after it

is done)

favourite

(to choose + first +
description after the
fact indicator)

(to) count

(number + action
indicator)

@

©

LAL

(to) add, (to) gain

(addition + action
indicator)

(to) divide

(division + action
indicator)

question

(question mark +
open: the question is
open-ended)

answer, reply

(question + enclosure:

the answer “’closes”’
the open-ended
question)

test
(question + for +

__®evaluation)

advice

(to) subtract,
(to) take away,
(to) remove

(subtraction + action
indicator)

difficult, hard

(forward + reference
line that has been
broken + description
indicator)

(to) ask,
(fo) question

(question + action
indicator)

(to) answer

(answer + action
indicator)

opinion
(mind + mouth: an

expression of what
one thinks)

(to) advise

eg + action
Oca

—t-

peppers pn
tp 4 ©)

(TAD

7

vale

LD |

Bae RERE REN

tt

105

(to) multiply

(multiplication +
action indicator)

easy

(opposite meaning +
difficult + description
indicator)

problem

(question + difficult:
a difficult question

I® to solve)

(to) solve

(to answer + difficult
+ action indicator: to
answer a difficult
question)

suggestion,
proposal

(opinion + purpose)

(to) translate

(bridge + language +
action indicator: to
form a bridge of
understanding
between languages)

____ aes wad 2

generalization

(mouth + many: what

(\ one says to
QO characterize many
things. CKB describes

this symbol as “a saying

about a multitude’)

N.B. For the symbol for “peace of mind”,

ee pues

maybe, perhaps

(to a + question
mark

DO? |

see Section 6, Feeling.

possible

(maybe + description
before the fact
indicator)

feeling, emotion

(the abstract form of
the “heart’’ symbol:
traditionally one’s
feelings are supposed
to come from the heart)

happy

(feeling + up +
description indicator:
having an uplifted
feeling)

oh)

_A~ (to) feel

(feeling + action
indicator)

(to) enjoy

(happy + action
indicator)

(to) laugh

(happy + mouth +

action indicator: to be
© so happy that one’s

mouth utters a laugh)

Oto

(to) amuse

A
(to give + happy +
: action indicator: to

give happiness)

funny,
humorous A

(to laugh + af
description O |

laughter)

OT,

indicator: causing SSeS

Ito

dear

(feeling + toward: a
symbol showing
affectionate or friendly
feelings toward
someone; used in
salutations of letters)

(to) smile
(happy + face +

@action indicator: to

‘put on a happy face”’)

ee) joke

(to say + comma +
funny + action
indicator: to say
something in order to
be funny)

A comma is inserted in some compound symbols between the meaning
paris. Such separation of meaning parts will help in interpreting the total
meaning of the symbol. See, for example; to joke, envious, snack.

6. Feeling

(to) hope

(happy + future +
question mark +
action indicator: to
have a happy feeling
about the future
despite its uncertainties)

safe, protected

(feeling + protection
+ description
indicator: having a
protected feeling)

Ol

(to) regret

(sorry + action
indicator: to feel sad
about the past)

eee acess

trouble (emotional)

(feeling + two
direction arrows: a
feeling of being beset
by opposition) See:
worry

OL)

CEH

(emotional) loss

(feeling + to take
away: an emotional
response to the loss of
someone/something)

afraid, frightened,
scared

(sad + future +
question mark +
description indicator:
sad about an uncertain
future) See: anxious

ay Atnrc| Gem

patience

(ability + to wait:
)the ability to wait)

sad, unhappy

(feeling + down +
description indicator:
having a downhearted
feeling)

Ee:

OF!

lucky

(feeling + addition +

description after the

fact indicator: having a
“big plus’)

Sorry

(sad + about + past:
) sad about something in

~ the past)

shame

(sad + incorrect: a
feeling of sadness
about one’s bad
(irrational) behaviour)

of

frustration

(feeling + three
direction arrows: one
arrow is frustrated in its
efforts to penetrate the
opposition of the other
two)

2

(to) miss Vv

SEE

(emotional loss +
action indicator)

(to) fear,
(to) be afraid

(afraid + action
indicator)

(to) cry, (to) weep

(eye + rain + action
indicator: to make rain
fall from one’s eyes)

strange

(feeling + question
mark + description
indicator: characteristic
of someone/something
about which one feels
doubtful)

lonely

(feeling + minus +
person + description
indicator: a feeling of
being without
companionship)

upset

(feeling + up and
down + description
indicator: having
unsettled feelings)

good (emotionally)

(feeling + plus +
intensity + description
indicator: felt to be
positive, good) See:
correct, right

(to) like

(good + action
indicator: to feel that
something is good,
worth liking)

proud

(feeling + over +
description indicator:
feeling superior)

AOTL:

eat

@in a way ee upsets

(to) tease

(to act + upset +
action indicator: to act

someone)

better V

(more + emotionally
good)

nice
(feeling + correct +
description indicator:

* @felt to be socially
“correct’’)

respect, admiration

7 (feeling + about +

o person + over: a
feeling one has about
a person who is
superior)

(to) love

(feeling + arrow +
action indicator: the
traditional symbol for
love found on
valentines)

bad (emotionally)

(feeling + minus +
intensity + description
indicator: felt to be
negative, bad) See:
incorrect, wrong

(to) hate

(opposite meaning +
to love + action
indicator)

mean, cruel

(feeling + knife + anwas
description indicator:
being “cutting” in
one’s words or
behaviour)

A

xOK

anxious

(upset + future +
question mark +
description indicator:

*® upset about an

uncertain future)
See: afraid

best

(most + emotionally
good)

(to) want,
(to) desire

(feeling + fire +
action indicator: to
have an emotional
desire)

angry, mad

(much + feeling +
opposition +
description indicator:
having strong feelings
against someone/
something)

6. Feeling | 109

envious —___ (to) resent jealous

(to resent + other +
to have + description

(feeling + against +

(to want + comma +
action indicator: to

ee other + to have +
‘o O+ description indicator: have negative feelings _ indicator: resenting
Pitta © wanting what another about someone/ © what another person
person has) something has)

~ oman

© (IAL. (to) rest Bayearea me tactabls

~ A . . . . A
(feeling + earth + action indicator: to feel es
Sas, that you are at rest on the earth. CKB points (forest + description
ei indicator)

out that poets use the earth as a symbol for rest)

/1 1) peace (of mind) coon

LH : fr
Lx freedom, liberty : a

v (feeling ats earth a ; (freedom +
SS sky: a feeling of being ey (feeling + open) NA] description indicator)

at one with the world)

belief

(feeling + truth: what
we feel to be true,
without needing proof)

kind Pere OOUmOny

AL: «((to) comfort, yoo
(feeling + two

op ant (to) console aay (feeling + support + 7 - two
ag description indicator: a8. parallel direction
(to give + peace + [ ~ @giving emotional i ' arrows: the arrows are

action indicator) support) in harmony)

i

S eee (Ugh! yuk!) ore (wow!)
=a aa i (feeling + mouth + minus + intensity + HGRe (feeling + mouth + plus + intensity +
a | description indicator: the symbol does not \O) ao description indicator: the symbol does not
4 havea specific English equivalent, but - havea specific English equivalent, but
indicates a strong negative feeling) indicates a strong positive feeling)

10

6. Feeling

(to) surprise

(feeling + two
intensity symbols +
action indicator: to
cause strong feelings)

excited

(feeling + three
intensity symbols +
indicator for
description after the
fact: having very
strong feelings)

cloth, fabric

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like woven
threads)

underwear

(clothing + under:
clothing worn under
other clothing)

dress

(clothing + woman:
clothing worn by
women)

raincoat
(clothing + rain)

ff

TCA).

clothing, clothes
(cloth + protection)

shirt, blouse

(clothing + chest:
clothing that covers the
upper part of the body)

socks, stockings

(clothing + pointers to
leg and foot: clothing
worn on legs and feet)

snowsuit
(clothing + snow)

(to) dress

(clothing + action
indicator)

pants, trousers

(clothing + leg:
clothing that covers
the legs)

coat, sweater,
jacket

(clothing + over:
clothing worn over
other clothing)

pyjamas,
nightgown

1@(clothing + to sleep)

1. Clothes

swimsuit,
bathing suit

+ to swim)

glove, mitten, mitt

(protection + hand:
protective covering for
the hand)

hat, cap

(protection + head:
protective covering for
the head)

shoes

(protection + foot:
protective covering for
the feet)

accessory
(thing + plus +
clothing: something
added to one’s
clothing)

of

rete)

zac

opt
tote tt

button

(clothing + comma

ACCESSORIES —— 34S
4 ios + clothing)

Compound symbols constructed of two or more basic symbols. Some com-
pound symbols are superimposed, for example: -

protection

cloth _ clothing, clothes

Eb i becomes ms

Other compound symbols are sequenced, for example:
chest

bib
Lon _ plus - becomes aC)

Asarule, in sequenced compound symbols the classifier comes first in the
grouping:

plus

protection

The following group of symbols are exceptions to the
rule, preceding the classifier in sequenced
compound symbols: much, many; opposite meaning;
part (of); similar; minus, without; before, in front of;
ofter, behind; over; under; in, inside; and out,
outside. For examples of some of these see p. 151.

dress

nl

_ Clothing (for a) woman

apron, smock,
overall

(protection + clothing:
protective covering
worn over other
clothing)

bib
(protection + chest:

| _ protective covering for
|®the upper body)

strap, string

(linearithing + to
fasten + thing
indicator: a linear
thing that fastens or
joins)

fastener ft

(thing + to fasten
= © clothing)

belt

(linear thing + waist
+ thing indicator: a
linear thing to go
around the waist)

pocket

(container + clothing:
a container sewn into
an article of clothing)

12

AN

pee ae

sack, bag

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a sack; it is
an extension of the
container symbol)

umbrella

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an umbrella,
and incorporates the
protection symbol)

MAKING CLOTHES

handmade
product

(craft + thing indicator:
the handmade object
produced by a craft,
e.g. a quilt or

a plaque)

(to) knit

(sewing) needle

(pictograph: the symbol

looks like a needle
with an eye)

handbag, purse

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a handbag
with a handle)

ring
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a ring)

A

fi |

(to) make

(flattened version of
creation symbol

meaning man-made,

the process by which
human beings make
things + action indicator)

(to) make cloth, — x
(to) weave

(to make + cloth +
action indicator)

(to make + cloth + 2 + linear thing + thing
indicator + action indicator: to make cloth
using two linear things—knitting needles)

(to) ) sew

(needle + action
indicator)

baggage,

luggage
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a suitcase)

badge

(pictograph: the symbol
is shaped like a badge)

craft

(process of making +
hand: the production
of things by hand,
e.g. quilting or
woodcarving)

(to) crochet

(to make + cloth +
hook + action
indicator: to make
cloth with a hook)

scissors

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pair of
closed scissors)

sewing machine

(machine + to sew +
action indicator: a
machine for sewing)

food

lS

cH (mouth + half-sized EAT us (to) eat
O earthline: what the ING O (food + action
= mouth gets from the —._ indicator)
earth)
Payee hungry A\. (to) bite A (to) chew
( ) (feeling + minus + teetip--ach (many + to bite +
(tall O food + description VV. ( a egies VV action indicator: to bite
indicator) Day ee ae) x many times)
digestion
(food + through: food FOODS frozen food
passing through the ©) AL (food + ice)
body) tlt
(a) sweet (food) ice cream Some w candy
D | food t) (food + sweet + ice: (food + sweet +
O T uecee ect Og te SL a sweet frozen food) O | intensity)
HHH pie — sandwich
OZ orn ane Ale ee ol: IC (food + between
i ood with a crust
oom...) covering it) ce) 4 Be)
meat
nanen —— hamburger —— hot dog

(food + animal: food
that comes from
an animal)

O On .' (roll + meat)

OY Oo axKKH (roll + meat + long)

114

|) spread A (to) spread th butter
(food + on: food that (spread + action O | (spread + cream: GY
! ie i id made fr
Q o's on something Sop Cees Yy aSZ \ aie om
jam, jelly,
ut peanut ees — o nae : To gn aan
Vite (spread + seed) YY | thes + flower) O° Hetspread + fruit)
(1) water, liquid Cre bree
DRINKING am (the symbol looks like wish drink, beverage

“4 a wave, suggesting Q (food + liquid)

iti water or liquid) a Q

= (to) swallow

Qa (down + drink +

Tle} action indicator)

(to) drink EVEL TH thirsty :

AQ
QO (drink + action ae, OC , (feeling + minus
Cet] indicator) DIN A db ich itd» tae Orin)

soda pop, sasnene ES)
ye fruit juice a soft drink © () Ha fea |
&y a (drink + fruit) GQ 0} (drink + gas: a Qa Ul; (drink + leaf: a drink

made from tea leaves)
carbonated drink)

coffee milk

am fe (drink + bean: a drink ; dinloeks lta torcink ttt aa He milkshake
Qa O made from coffee QL ne Bice QE 1 Petals + to shake)
a a —d- B

mee NZ © beans) C cn that sustains life)

cream

(milk + intensity: the
intensity symbol, an
element of the symbol

~ for rich, suggests that

cream is rich milk)

SYMBOLS THAT DO
NOT INCORPORATE
THE FOOD SYMBOL

tte

H5

cereal, grain

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like two stalks of
grain; it is made up of
two grass symbols)

rice

(grain + east: grain
that comes from

“©the Orient)

cake
(bread + sweet)

tte

flour

(powder + grain:
a eae made from
®grain)

roll, bun
(half-sized symbol

CG) rn bread)

cheese

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a
wedge of cheese)

vegetable (above
ground)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a vegetable
with the edible portion
above the earth and
the root below)

fish
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a fish)

fruit

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a piece of
fruit, in the position it
would have if hanging
from a tree)

vegetable (below
ground)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a vegetable
with the edible portion

below the earth and
the leafy portion above)

egg
(seed + life)

an ones ane

bread

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a loaf of
bread)

cookie, biscuit

(disc + sweet: a
sweet, disc-shaped

food)

berry

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a berry, in
the position it would
have if protruding from
a bush)

leafy vegetable

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a leafy
vegetable with the
grass-like edible
portion above the
earth)

nut

Pc + tree)

alcoholic drink

SOUp

as (glass + chemical
(dish + liquid) O H symbol for alcohol)
taste

A (to) taste V

(taste + action

(nose + mouth
superimposed: we

need both nose and indicator)

mouth to taste things)

flavouring, V sweet (taste) V
seasoning (taste + up +

description indicator: a

(addition + taste +
pleasant taste)

thing indicator)

Bf

Vv

D|

fresh (taste)

(taste + new +
@ description indicator)

sharp, sour (taste) Vv

(taste + sharp +
description indicator)

hot, peppery V

(taste) dD ie
LARS

(taste + fire +
description indicator)

salty (taste)
(laste = seca:

description indicator) 0 Kea

sugar

(a combination of the
symbols for flavouring
and sweet + thing
indicator)

pepper Luscecgcmme

(a combination of the
symbols for flavouring
and hot (taste) + thing —

indicator) te

+8

tasty, good to eat

(taste + description
indicator)

bitter (taste)

(taste + down +
description indicator:
an unpleasant taste)

rich (taste)

(taste + intensity +
description indicator)

salt
(crystal + sea)

vinegar

(a combination of
symbols for flavouring
and sharp (taste) +
thing indicator)

2. Food NPA

OCCASIONS WHEN oaae meal +r snack
FOOD IS EATEN | . (much + food: a group (meal + comma
a KO Fiscal COE reg

>) +++ breakfast +++4 lunch ce dinner, supper

(meal + 1: the first (meal + 2: the second (meal + 3: the third

x O | meal of the day) vier meal of the day) xO tes 3 vies of the day)

dessert

(food + end: food that
one eats at the end of

© ——_____I®a meal) —

= picnic
QO . (food + outside: food
j eaten outside)

“NL (to) cook ta
PREPARING FOOD folio © (to make + food + TRO eee caret
FAaond action indicator) SSE © for cooking)

© LIATL] (to) freeze “ALLL (to) thaw (TALE «(to) mix
ai (water + thing + -| (thing + water + ( Vv. _ (two mingling curved
~£] action indicator: water ETE action indicator: solid [ “A ‘a } arrows + action
—+-— becoming solid ice) t+ ice becoming water) ; indicator)

@® apron, smock,

H (to) cut ATT] (to) chop J overall

(knife + action ; iy (to cut + intensity + 7 i \ Oe a a pleihings
indicator) Pas @action indicator) minolel ee ee Od

worn over other
clothing)

118

Yee selete

pot, pan

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pot)

stove, furnace

(fire + enclosure:
an enclosed source
of heat)

sieve

(container +

———= downward arrow

passing through it: a | > ~5 4a
VY container through | fi} v4

which something can
pass)

campfire, bonfire

(fire + happy: a fire
that is enjoyable)

refrigerator

(cupboard + ice +
electricity: an

~ © electrically powered

ice box)

THINGS NEEDED
FOR EATING

1. (drinking) glass
| (pictograph: the symbol

looks like a drinking
glass)

glassware

(generalization +
drinking glass)

cup, mug

u (pictograph: the symbol
_ looks like a cup, a

©glass with a handle)

bottle

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a bottle)

container, bowl

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a container)

dish, plate
(pictograph: the symbol

SWE A looks like a dish)

spoon

P (pictograph: the symbol
looks like a spoon)

tt ~=6Uutensil

@

3 (tool + food)
{®

knife, sword

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a knife)

fork

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a fork)

cutlery

(generalization

@®+ knife)

nhemmanuisrngeroemdmessvipnsen

tto

AG) &

tablecloth
(cloth + table)

serviette, napkin
(cloth + to eat)

(protection + chest:
protective covering for
the upper body)

3. Buildings

119

The generalization symbol is combined with one or more symbols from a class of
meanings to construct a symbol representing the entire class. For example:

generalization knife, sword cutlery
Q plus ve becomes Q a
generalization chair, seat table furniture

Q plus M plus 4] becomes Q by ee

protection

(the symbol looks like
a roof, suggesting the
protection afforded by
a roof)

roof

(pictograph of roof +
thing indicator: a
concrete thing that
gives protective cover)

ee ee

house, building, dwelling roottrn home

(pictograph: the symbol looks like the outline SYNCS (house + feeling: a
of a house; it is also made up of a protection | house to which one is
i ~ emotionally tied)

symbol (roof) + a partial enclosure symbol)

120

“Ss [-] Nor house)

3. Buildings

Axl

apartment

(house + inside +
house: a house inside

residential
institution SHREME Mme ia
(house + many +
person: a house in

which a group of
people live)

castle

(house + royal: a
house where royalty
lives)

AA:

>

AH

@®made out of cloth)

tent

(house + cloth: shelter

church, temple

(building + God: a
building devoted to the
worship of God)

a

Resource Centre

(building + for +

to exchange +
knowledge: a building
where knowledge is
given out and received)

library

(building + book: a
building that contains
a collection of books)

aan

show place,
theatre

(building + eye: a
building in which to
see shows)

cy |

cabin, cottage, hut GEERFERER-+H

(house + little: a little
house)

hospital 2 ae

(building + medical: -
a building where
medical services
are received)

(Sept yisiisy

museum

(building + thing +
interesting + plural
indicator: a building
where interesting
things are displayed)

concert hall

(building + music: a
building where music
is played)

oe oe ee ee eet ee

hotel, motel

(house + person + to
travel: a house where
travellers stay)

school

(building + to teach:
a building where
teaching goes on)

Blissymbolics
Resource Centre

(Resource Centre
+ about+ Blissymbol)

art gallery

(building + art +
thing indicator: a
building where works
of art are displayed)

post office

(building + letter: a
building where letters
are processed)

3. Buildings

prison, jail
(building + barred
window: a building
where people are put

behind bars)

barn

4

“ae : (house + animal: a

IM\.6 house for animals)

AREAS ADJACENT
TO BUILDINGS

PARTS OF BUILDINGS

121

factory

(building + to make: a
building where things
are manufactured)

garage

(building + two
wheels: a building for
vehicles)

street

(house with an
extended earthline +
pointer)

yard

(house + simplified
enclosure + pointer)

chimney coo

(pictograph of a
building with a
chimney + pointer
to chimney)

door

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a doorway)

___- window KEEH
(pictograph: the symbol ano
looks like a window)

stairs, steps

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a side view
of a flight of stairs)

elevator

(room + up and down)

mailbox

(enclosure + letter)

122
i

_Ile]

7. aad Cole) pals)

enclosure

(pictograph: an
enclosed space)

bedroom

(room + to sleep:
room where one
sleeps)

SPECIAL PURPOSE
ROOMS

gym

(room + activity +
healthy: room for
activity that keeps
one healthy)

store, shop

(room that opens onto
the street + business:
a public room where
money is exchanged

for goods)

room

(enclosure open on the

left side)

Ih

5.

HOUSEHOLD ROOMS iii mms
Ha AQP

shopping centre,

kitchen

(room + to cook:
room where food
is prepared)

sitting room,

lounge, waiting

room

(room + chair: a room

where one can sit)

office

(room + work +

pencil: a room where

paperwork is done)

plaza, mall

group of stores)

classroom

(room + to teach)

(many + simplified
symbol for store: a

dining room

(room + to eat: room
where one eats)

bathroom
(room + bath)

library (room)

(room + book: a room
that contains a
collection of books)

shower

- (room + water +
Lt down: a room where

water pours down)

restaurant

(room that opens onto
the street + food: a
public room where
food is served)

7a ole) a al 123

ceiling _ floor
PARTS OF ROOMS 14
(room + pointer eee (room + pointer
to ceiling) ~ to floor)
® + wall LEH corner HtH door
Latif (room + pointer +f) (room + pointer im (pictograph: the symbol
to wall) to corner) looks like a doorway)
erindoy (11 {1 cupboard, closet _ fireplace
: ; ——~—-— (fire + open: an
(pictograph: the symbol [fa] (pictograph; the symbol enclosure for a fire
looks like a window) TET] looks like a cupboard ct hich i
with double doors) Semarang
© side) See: stove

furniture - bl
(generalization + Baus table + board
_ chair + table: two +++ (pictograph: the symbol

common pieces of A looks like a side view [A] eee

furniture stand for of a table)
furniture in general)

fq chair, seat cote «rocking chair

desk _, (pictograph: the symbol ie "(chair + to swing: a
(table + work) looks like a side view \ AR chair that rocks back
of a chair) and forth)

124

Hr |

bench

(chair + long: a
long chair)

couch, chesterfield,
sofa
(pictograph: the symbol

shelf

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a shelf)

looks like a couch)

chest of drawers,
bureau ies asia

drawer

cupboard, closet

(pictograph: the symbol mia amo (part (of) + chest Nabe tage ae oe

oe de a chest of tL} of drawers) with double doors)
rawers

bed curtain ae teed

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a bed)

M

(vertical reference line
+ bent arrow: a ray
of light is reflected by

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a curtained

:

SHER so a mirror)
Tor «picture =o fn floor covering,
Be '} (eye + enclosure: linoleum rug, carpet
© tH] what the eyes see in (oommepoinier (cloth + floor covering)
— a frame) to floor)

LINENS

+4 tablecloth
Tt (cloth + table)

= towel tl roy sheet
(cloth + dry: a cloth ia ai (cloth + bed
for drying) iat aa a)

blanket

(cloth + protection

Po + bed)

pulleys pillowcase
(bed + pointer
to pillow) paie + pillow)

- (enclosure + ear +

FIXTURES AND tH

CY (water + container)

APPLIANCES

stove, furnace

(fire + enclosure:
an enclosed source
of heat)

Hs 4 .:

lamp, electric 10

light

(light + electricity +
thing indicator)

bath, basin, sink

refrigerator

(cupboard + ice +
electricity: an

@electrically powered

ice box)

clock

(time + thing
indicator: an object
that tells time)

radio

electricity: a box
for hearing by
means of electricity)

record

(pictograph of record
++ ear)

(aa

[1094

television

(enclosure + eye +

ear + electricity: a box
for seeing and hearing
by means of electricity)

iron
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an iron)

125

toilet

(chair + water)

telephone

(mouth + ear +

electricity: a device for
speaking and listening
by means of electricity)

record player,

Tt §6stereo

(machine + record:

7_©.a machine that plays

records)

(cM Kore) ow \VAvo lol ali at=sme laren s1Uli Collate MiNsConr—lalel[s

TOOLS

ruler,
measuring stick

(to measure +
thing indicator)

shovel, spade

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a shovel)

tool, instrument

(thing + hand: a thing
used by the hand to
extend its abilities)

thermometer

(temperature + thing
indicator: a thing that
measures temperature)

rake

(comb + garden: a
comb for the garden)

screw

(the symbol resembles
the path made by the
thread of a screw)

hammer

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a hammer)

pipe
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pipe)

screwdriver

(tool + screw)

nail

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a nail. It is
twice the height of the
pin symbol)

wire
(linear thing + metal
+ thing indicator)

handle, switch

(thing + hand: a thing
being handled)

plough

(knife + earth: an
earth cutter)

pliers

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pair
of pliers)

SaW

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a saw; it also
incorporates the
symbol for teeth)

hook, hanger

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a hook)

ladder

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a ladder)

oom Koto) Mm ViNelolallat-sMe lave ={0i Collate MiUCont-late] i=

pin

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pin. It is
half the height of the
nail symbol)

(sewing) needle

(pictograph: the symbol

looks like a needle
with an eye)

127

scissors

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pair of
closed scissors)

iron

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an iron)

key

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a key)

broom

(pictograph: the symbol

looks like a broom)

gun

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a
gun and incorporates
the symbols for wheel
and to destroy)

MACHINES

machine

(sun + wheel: the sun
represents energy,
which drives the
wheels of machinery)

typewriter

(machine + to write: a
machine that writes)

@)'S.

scales

(machine + to weigh:
a machine for
®weighing)

@O):

calculator

(machine + to
calculate: a machine
© that calculates)

record player,
SIeTEO

(machine + record: a
® machine that plays
records)

brush

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a brush in an
upright position)

sewing machine

(machine + to sew: a
machine for sewing)

computer

(machine + to think: a
@ machine that thinks)

@)>

tape recorder

ami fY (machine + to copy +
io aA) sound: a machine that
wl © reproduces sound)

128 (Sam Vole) er Vie leallatsrsae laren 18 tellare Miuveni-talelhs

=a

BUILDING MATERIALS se

thing 1) material
aa (thing + half-sized
Samia Soest itl earthline: thing that

cube: a material thing) — you get from the earth)

wood, lumber

Cy - A (material + tree)

metal

“74 (material + metal: the ee ee,

thing symbol repeated

C ET creates a shape which oO a

men ~ looks somewhat like a saan
bar of metal)

steel on
Hitt stone
(material + knife: the :
material of which OA (material + stone)
tone.

knives are made)

concrete
| §6(material + stone +

ae "7+ man made: man-made FA ‘i
‘ /\ /. \ @material that an be iL

~ used like stone)

glass

(material + drinking
glass: the material
of which glasses

are made)

7. Chemicals and Waste Products

stati

CHEMICALS

paint

(chemical product +
colour + liquid)

toothpaste

(chemical product +
brush + teeth: a
chemical product for
brushing teeth)

gasoline

(liquid + wheel: a
liquid that drives
wheels)

WASTE PRODUCTS

pollution

(waste + environment:
waste products that
®spoil the environment)

chemical product

(a simplification of the

outline of a chemical
retort, which
incorporates the
symbol for thing)

medicine

(chemical product +
medical)

poison

(chemical product +
death: a chemical
product that kills)

fuel

(enclosure +
Spotaateeisen
radiation: energy that
@© can be put into an
enclosure and used to
power something)

waste

(thing + cross out:
es discarded)

Ault] |

glue

(chemical product +
to fasten)

plastic

(chemical product +

ALA =omany + shape: a
x © | chemical product that
A é boul can be formed into

many shapes)

crystal

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a crystal,

and incorporates the
symbol for thing)

garbage, trash,
rubbish
(container + waste:

goods that are of no
use anymore)

8. Energy

electric wire,

‘11 electricit —
v = electric cord
(pictograph: the symbol He
a looks like a lightning |4 (linear thing +
= bolt) electricity + thing
indicator)
electromagnetic energy

(sun + electro-magnetic
radiation: potential
"i @ energy, as received
from the sun)

radiation

(derived from symbol
for electricity)

Spire tel te

fuel

(enclosure + electro-magnetic

radiation: energy that can be
@ put into an enclosure and used
~ to power something)

power

(action + electro-magnetic
“@ radiation: energy in action)

IV How We
View
Worl

A. Our Senses

ho Sifelno) ty
2. Hearing 132
3. Smell 133
4. Taste oo
5. Touch 134

B. Classification

1. Colour 135

2. Likeness and
Difference 136

3. Measurement 136

4. Numbers 137

5. Sizeand Weight ‘141

6. Shape 143

7. Time 144

8. Place and
Direction 149

to) see, ., attention aecen
eye ae ues naan punan
(pict h: th bol WehIeer 1] a erat is OH
pictograph: the symbo intensity symbols:
looks like an eye) © (eye + action © ** using the eyes © 4
indicator) intently)
(to) search Viti TE clear, transparent

(to watch + intensity:
to watch very intently)

(to see + through +
description indicator)

dark

(opposite meaning +
light + description
indicator)

blind

(eye + cross out +
description indicator:
unable to see)

(to) watch

(awake + intensity +
action indicator: to be
wide awake and
attentive)

bright

(much + light +
description indicator)

(eye) glasses

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pair of
glasses, and incorpo-
rates two eye symbols)

ear

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a side view
of an ear)

sound

(ear + half-sized earth
line: what the ear
receives from the earth)

A (to) hear, (to) listen

(ear + action
indicator)

silence

(minus + sound:
absence of sound)

deaf

(ear + cross out +
description indicator:
unable to hear)

silent

(silence + description
indicator)

133

ELT eee : A hearing aid
~~ loud, noisy sal quiet : (aid + ear +
© | (sound + intensity + ae [ (minus + loud: electricity + thing
5s description indicator) Fala absence of noise) /_ ®indicator: electrical aid

for the ear)

smell, odour

nose A (to) smell
Licked mer (nose + half-sized
ais ee Halls Ls symbol (nose + action earthline: what the
BORE EIS StS Vilew indicator) nose gets from the

© — ofa nose) — earth)

perfume

(smell + happy: a
_ pleasant smell)

taste
LH mouth —z (nose + mouth A ) taste
O (pictograph: the symbol \ superimposed: we (taste + action
7 looks like a round need both nose and ce

open mouth) mouth to taste things)

(taste + description
indicator)

“4 tasty, goodtoeat #9 Mcoreeodre

PARR

hot, peppery
(taste)

(taste + fire +
description indicator)

salty (taste) baen

(taste + sea +
description indicator)

Vv sweet (taste) vi
(taste + up + description Baas
indicator: a pleasant | |

taste)

bitter (taste)

(taste + down +
description indicator:
an unpleasant taste)

sharp, sour (taste)

(taste + sharp +
description indicator)

¥ fresh (taste) i

(taste + new +
@description indicator)

DI |

rich (taste)

(taste + intensity +
description indicator)

hand *K

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like the shape
formed by a thumb
and index finger)

\

hard van

(opposite meaning +
soft + description
indicator)

ae soft

(to) touch RA (hand + impression
(hand + action Tort made by a thumb
imelicaicr) when it is pressed into

something soft +

description indicator)
aaa YI sharp
(hand + glass + ses cane
description indicator: | (knife pecescieiicn

| indicator)

feeling like glass)

colour

— (eye + half-sized

© earthline: what the
| eye receives from

~~ things on earth)

(BCI colour + earth;
{1} CKB colour + 1,0)

(BCI colour + mouth;
CKB colour + 1)

pean cere cote |

“white
(BCI colour + snow;
CKB colour + sun)

135

black

Sac colour + night;

CKB colour + zero: the

© -_ absence of colour)

Two series of symbols for colours are available:

1. CKB series, using a numbering system for most colours, arranged to cor-
respond to the spectrum seen in the rainbow.
2. BCI series, using descriptive symbols, which may be easier for some sym-

bol users to remember.

Note the symbols for sun in the two series:

CKB series: colour + sun = white.

(CKB says that the sun is white during the day. )

BCI series: colour + sun = yellow

(Most children colour the sun yellow in their drawings. )
Use either one series or the other. Do not mix them.

OO + pink
area oS Ht ® ac) colour + mouth

e (— @green
aj .«C(BC/ colour + grass;
CKB colour + 4)

O4

————
ies

rons

— indigo

OG (CKB colour + 6)

=

© ) vellaw

. (BCI colour + sun;
ttt) CKBcolour + 3)

Os

a

orange
_— (BCI colour + mouth
(red) + snow (white); (TTT) (red) + sun (yellow);
CKB colour + 1 + sun) oe | CKB colour + 2)
_—
OQ | blue

(BCI colour + sky;
CKB colour + 5)

jreemcheemehenentmmend

Os

(CKB colour + 7)

©) O Lit} §6(BCI colour + mouth
7 T111@ (red) + sky (blue)

136

2. Likeness and Difference

CEC similar,
tates like

— (near + same: nearly
the same)

equal, same

(the mathematical sign
for equals)

opposite meaning

(simplified up and
down arrows)

3. Measurement

HEE different

ZA "(to cross out + same)

(to) measure ‘qj. ruler, measuring
(a combination of the Ctr stick

symbols for long and rot i

short + action -4+.4 (to measure + thing
indicator) —— indicator)

temperature

(the symbol looks like a thermometer, reading
from bottom to top: it incorporates the symbol
for to measure, in the vertical position + dot)

weight acue (a) weight

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like scales)

fete

(weight + thing

ay va ie) indicator)

‘a! thermometer

-f- (temperature + thing
"indicator: a thing that
measures temperature)

(to) weigh

(weight + action
indicator)

3. Measurement 137

— scales HHH time Om clock
(machine + to weigh: (pictograph: the symbol EN (time + thing indicator
a @2 Machine for weighing) looks like a clock face) os ed that tells
~ ime

© ee atch fr limits
J "“T] (two full-sized reference lines, the vertical
O. eas a a ie boundaries from the enclosure symbol,
® limiting what lies between them)

ivi] full | empty

|. (a container closed Ae - (opposite meaning +
Cy oover, i.e. full + full + description
woes description indicator) ay indicator)

——-- number ~A\- (to) count
rir (an international | y. (number + action
™ symbol) ' indicator)
&) THE FOLLOWING SYMBOLS (ARABIC NUMERALS) Brct
ARE PART OF THE BLISSYMBOL SYSTEM: BVAE meen
ee , A, Peet gen ee (1 + dot + description

I PR, SS Fn |

indicator: the dot
indicates an ordinal

Gea ag ie TB eet

138

second

(2 + dot + description
indicator: the dot
indicates an ordinal

Vat =onext

(first + after +
mal @ description indicator)

numeral)
OPERATIONS WITH addition
NUMBERS (the mathematical sign

for addition)

@) and @) plus
@) also

(half-sized addition symbol, centred between
sky and earth lines, for small meaning of
addition) See: with, belongs to

(to) subtract,
subtraction _A~ (to) take away,
(to) remove

4 (subtraction + action
indicator)

(the mathematical sign
for subtraction)

(to) multiply

(multiplication +
action indicator)

multiplication

(the mathematical sign
for multiplication)

(to) equal

(the mathematical sign
for equals + action
indicator)

(to) divide

(division + action
indicator)

LA

last

(opposite meaning +
first + description
indicator)

(to) add, (to) gain

(addition + action
indicator)

along with

(two “‘and” symbols
for emphasis: in
addition to)

minus, without

(half-sized subtraction
symbol, for small
meaning of subtraction)

division
(the mathematical sign
for division)

mathematics

(science + 0 + 1: the
science of numbers)

139

to) solve are
; problem 2 I e ee + difficult oa (to) calculate
(question + difficult: Pcie TaN:
——> + action indicator: to rt (to think + 0 + 1: to
1? FEE — a difficult question ial Ae wyatt —O- think about numbers)

1®to solve) [© answer a difficult Oe;
question)
y | calculator NUMBER-RELATED multitude
Pam \ (TY (machine + to SYMBOLS USED IN (multiplication + thing
a calculate: a machine ORDINARY indicator: a large
© that calculates) CONVERSATION ees of people/
ing
all oe
—~ (multitude + enclosure: sem Coeeet
\/1_ the symbol reminds us each — KRY both
xX that “all’” can only | (1 + all: one of all) é Pic (2 + all: two of all)
refer to some restricted é
© multitude)
sed to separate English eaovalcas of
all gone vord equivalents represent different parts

most always a noun in
ly, alone is usually an adjective
/ is a synonym. Bu Me fie! is

ee (all + to take away:
@all taken away)

© none | ® alone, solitary
53 some ¥- @odnly, just

nothin |
g —. (part (of) + description oF (be + 1 + description
(opposite meaning HH indicator) Dy i indicator: to be only

+ all) one)

| example, sample

(1 + thing indicator: a

SL single item)

140

pair
(2 + thing indicator:
two items)

RELATIVE NUMBERS

most

(half-sized skyline +
much/many +
description indicator:
many/much on the
highest level)

2.

Vv

ts

.

several

‘(greater than + 2:a
quantity greater than
© two)

) much
(2) many

(half-sized multiplication
symbol + description
indicator)

(1) how much?

?x

(question mark +
much/many)

group

(many + person: a
number of people
considered together)

more

(half-sized horizontal
reference line +
much/many +
description indicator:
much/many ona
higher level)

IW

+ +—1

(1) too much
(2) too many

(over + much/many

eee x | + description

indicator: over the
amount/number needed)

@ few @ little

(opposite meaning +
much/many +
description indicator)

1%

enough

(minus + more +
description indicator:
without need for more,
i.e. the right
amount/number)

less

(opposite meaning +
more + description
indicator)

least

(opposite meaning +
most + description
indicator)

5. Size and Weight

limits

LT (two full-sized wide
reference lines, the
vertical boundaries
from the enclosure
symbol, limiting what
lies between them)

thick, fat

(two full-sized vertical reference lines with
wide space between them + two pointers +
description indicator: the pointers point inward
toward the thick shape formed by the
reference lines)

bounded by the reference lines)

deep

(two full-sized vertical reference lines + ae
pointer + description indicator: the pointer
points downward toward the deepest space
within the symbol square)

(two full-sized vertical reference lines (limits)
+ two pointers + description ace the
pointers point outward to the widest space

141

narrow

(opposite meaning +
wide + description
indicator)

4k

thin

(two full-sized vertical reference lines with
narrow space between them + two pointers
+ description indicator: the pointers point
inward toward the thin shape formed by the
reference lines)

shallow

(two half-sized vertical reference lines +
pointer + description indicator: the pointer
points downward into a relatively shallow
space)

high low
oe (half-sized sky and earthlines + description an (half-sized earth and
indicator: the skyline is high above the earth- _| midlines + description
line, at the highest possible location within the = indicator: the upper
symbol square) line is relatively low)
©) big, large y_ little, small

(full-sized vertical line bounded by half-sized
sky and earthlines + description indicator: the
vertical line extends to the biggest possible
size within the symbol square)

(to) increase re

indicator: to become
bigger)

EE

(big + action ==

—E

(half-sized vertical line bounded by half-sized
midline and earthline + description indicator:
the vertical line is relatively little)

(to) decrease

(little + action
indicator: to become
smaller)

Vv

H+

long

(full-sized horizontal line bounded by half-
sized reference lines at limits of symbol square
+ description indicator: the horizontal line
extends to the longest possible length within

[4

short

(half-sized horizontal line bounded by hallf-
sized reference lines, positioned as in the
symbol for near + description indicator: the
horizontal line is relatively short)

the symbol square)

@) much
@) many SZ

(half-sized
multiplication symbol
+ description indicator)

how much? Vv
how many?

(question mark +
much/many)

@ few ©) little maa

(opposite meaning +
much/many +
description indicator)

more

(half-sized horizontal
reference line
much/many +
description indicator:
much/many ona
higher level)

enough

(minus + more +
description indicator:
without need for more,
i.e. the right amount/
number)

most

Ww (half-sized skyline +
,» much/many +

x< description indicator:

much/many on the

highest level)

() too much,
a2 HH (2) too many

ne x

eras
Pa a ee

(over + much/many

+ description

indicator: over the
amount/number needed)

less

(opposite meaning +
more + description
indicator)

part, piece, bit

(half-sized division
symbol: a part created
when something is

weight

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like scales)

divided)
—4~ (to) weigh EEC Ce
mee (weight + acti = ae
are iadicaion a x |

heavy

(weight + down +
description indicator:
scales go down when
something heavy is
laid on them)

(7 least
SS (opposite meaning +
[most + description
—~ indicator)

_Q (a) weight
(weight + thing

ZX oindicator)

pte peered

scales
} (machine + to weigh:
AT 2 machine for

© weighing)

| Pas Ee a Se

6. Shape

shape, form i square
(eye + thing: how the
eye perceives a thing) O C] ici!

143

rectangle

meee + rectangle)

(shape + triangle)

triangle _ circle

‘e) O GC), (shape + circle)

curved line,
curve

(the symbol is a half
circle)

line —Y~ linear, straight linear thing
i | (the symbol isalong (line + description (line + thing indicator)
“Lb vertical line) indicator)
ee . } space
TH dot, period SWE angie (three coordinates
cnan (the symbol is a dot) | (the symbol is a drawn in perspective,
pata 60° angle) illustrating the three
dimensions of space)
-- enclosure open structure
14 , ; (an enclosure with its itt
_..| (pictograph: an eee || 7] (an enclosure formed
enclosed space) eens description | of lines and dots)
solid thing Tq base Foo) flat

(two thing symbols,
emphasizing that this is
a concrete object)

EH

(mountain + pointer
to the base of the
mountain)

(minus + mountain +
© description indicator)

144

(opmms) ale of =

box

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a three-
dimensional box)

cone

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a cone)

crust,shell

(enclosure + inner,
smaller square +
pointer to the outer
wall: an enclosure
around something)

block

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a three-
dimensional block: it is
half the size of the box
symbol)

disc

(pictograph: a
simplified three-
dimensional drawing
of a disc)

pyramid

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pyramid)

can, cylinder

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a cylinder)

time
(the symbol looks like

a clock face,
suggesting time)

limited time,
period (of time)

(the symbol for time
bounded by the
symbol for limits)

any time
(any + time)

@) while,
(2) during

(limited time + dot:
occurring ata time
limited by reference to
another event)

ever
(any time +

'@description indicator)

infinite

(minus + limits +
description indicator:
this symbol can refer to
unlimited time or
unlimited space)

)

|

always

(time + all +
description indicator:
all the time)

past

(outline of parabolic
mirror focussed on
what lies behind it)

ago

(half-sized symbol
for past)

before
in front (of)

(dot + reference line:
the dot comes before
the reference line. This
symbol refers to both
time and space)

after
behind

(reference line + dot:
the dot comes after the
reference line. This
symbol refers to both
time and space)

early

(before + time +
description indicator:
before the appointed
time)

Ve never

(opposite meaning +
er, always)

present

(past + future: time
between past and

future)

now

(half-sized symbol
F xe for present)

1. The dot is used with another
symbol to indicate position or
relationship in space or time. For
example:

@ before ®) after
@) in front (of) | @) behind

(left-right
progression)

late
Pee (after + time +

(4 description indicator:
after the appointed

time)

Vv suddenly
LIN. (time + lightning:
__ occurring as suddenly
me. € (as a bolt of lightning)
future

mirror focussed on

( (outline of parabolic
what lies ahead of it)

then

(half-sized symbol
( for future)

2. The dot used with a numeral
indicates an ordinal. For example:

first
Vv

ip

3. In some symbols the dot is used as
a pictograph. For example:

seed spot, mark

when?

(question mark +
time: at what time?)

146

Mit recent /) soon Vv! current
(past + near + (future + near + oe me @
yi | L description indicator: (i. | heuer indicator: ) ( Mites tS
__ in the near past) ® in the near future) fit

new
| ne old avan first @

(life + beginning + sn
description indicator: (opposite meaning + bt St OU ane

_ the symbol also new + description oe naicciec antenatal

11) incorporates the .. ® indicator) sea
symbol for time)
second aes,
(2+ dot +d “tr next yy last
ot escription cia lia i
indicator: the dot Lit] (first + after + e (opposite meaning mF
) indicates an ordinal Hl — @ description indicator) first + description
~ numeral) UE indicator)
once often ‘Ty, usually

(many + time + KD (most + time +

description indicator: description indicator:
on many occasions) ©on most occasions)

(1 + time +
i( ae indicator:
® on one occasion)

Silcu. Seep finally, at last
++ (the dot is repeated: oO V1. (time + last +
“it appears once and

— then again) L @ description indicator)

+teH hour, o'clock i. minute second
ei
UNITS OF TIME © (time + degree to (time + apostrophe to (time + two
indicate an hour) indicate a minute) apostrophes to indicate
Save” || a second)

147

day
(sun + earth: the sun

DAYS | appears over the
| horizon; it shines

on the earth during
the day)

® LI a8 yesterday i today |) tomorrow
(day + ago) cys a (day + now) O, (day + then)

P night
morning atternoon (moon + earth: the

f \ [| (day + before + 12: NT (day + after + 12: “4X. moon appears over
+ HD the part of the day ut LP, the part of the day | =the horizon; it shines
—E before noon) a oe after noon) on the earth during

6) the night)

evening k
rr (half moon + earth: THE WEEK Waiens
iw the moon begins to ven isd CUS Bey
Ct NH appear above the Z seven days)
horizon)

ad sea | | Sunday Cot Monday Tuesday
. (day + 1: the first
saver the week) C)> (day + 2) ant (day + 3)

— Wednesday

soe (day + 4)

weekend

Ct Thursday tte Friday — Saturday — -
eB. | +4 ; rae (day + 7) (day + 7 + Iz i.e.
(day + 5) 6 (day + 6) 7 ¥ dz = eee and Sunday)

pope permed

148

Bee ih January February
MONTHS )- (a modified moon | (month + 1: the first (month + 2)
~ symbol) month of the year) }2

) FEE March +H April
D3 (month + 3) (month + 4)

May tii June

(month + 5) br (month + 6)

— July ~— August ~— September aanne October
Dz (month + 7) De (month + 8) Dg (month + 9) Dio (month + 10)

——. November ,<—— December
Diy (month + 11) Dre (month + 12)

year
Li TT) (sun with arrow head
= indicating movement
YEARS around: the earth
: '+ completes one circuit
: ~ around the sun in
a year)

decade +H «century

(100 + year: a period

10 + year: a period
of one hundred years)

of ten years)

149
Kemer

the hot season;

flowers begin to grow; SRRERS :
,. CKBsun + 1: the first rt ee
| season) dD

up: the season when

SEASONS

( ) oT spring
5 l : ~@®(BCI sun + 1 + flower

winter

© (BCI sun + 4 + snow:
the season when it
snows; CKB sun + 4:
the fourth season)

( )aQ L autumn, fall a i A
7) Ly 3 W_M © (BCI sun + 3 + leaf + No 4 ta
down: the season

when the leaves fall;
CKB sun + 3: the third

rs) season)

ee

turn

(time + activity:
a person’s time to
do something)

appointment

Reh at ied at (time aL to meet: the
—_- + ~time agreed upon for

Litt TTT ® 9 meeting)

OTHER SYMBOLS
RELATED TO TIME

tr) fclaock Oo 6watch

(4 (time + thing | (4 <4} (clock + hand: a clock
XK _ indicator: an object ~EN©worn on the wrist)

that tells time)

sf ad (o(esmelatol Blin-\eilela

relation
(The mathematical symbol for greater than. This
symbol, in half-size, is the basis for several
PLACE Blissymbols, such as about, for and here. The

a mathematical symbol for smaller than also means

“relation” in Blissymbolics. Used in half-size, this
symbol is the basis for by, against and there)

position

(relation + dot: a
relationship to a certain
point in space)

there

(half-sized relation
symbol + two dots: the
repeated dot stresses a
relationship to a certain
point in space)

Av

the pointer

(an arrowhead, which
points to a detail in

a symbol, or toa
particular location)

place, location

(earth + pointer: a
point on the earth)

here

Ee at Citi (half-sized relation
os a ‘~~ symbol + two dots: the
> ‘| Roel wong at “repeated dot stresses a

relationship to a certain
point in space)

Particles are symbols that function as prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs,
demonstratives, or articles. Many of the particles are half-sized versions of
full-sized symbols representing related meanings. For example:

full-sized symbol particle
position at
> ‘.
approach to, towards

>I

ze

where?

ai - (question mark +
simplification of

anywhere

(any + simplication of
the symbol for place)

symbol for place)
on aes es
| ee eee ct limits between
=r alt-s thti .
CI Stee eT if +4 (two full-sized reference lines, the vertical (two reference lines
sz__ refers only to space - > 1] boundaries from the enclosure symbol, with a dot between
not to time) i limiting what lies between them) them)
near, close
| _ far, distant
IN, aca nearly wh lvl] together
ea —+- (two half-sized 4 f inoraal
| | (two half-sized | al | raterence limes yo] (reference line + plus
reference lines f + reference line +

relatively near each other +
description indicator)

relatively far apart +
description indicator)

description indicator)

cH na fo lesMelalol Blng-veiilole

a
ae

across

(a vertical reference
line with two short
lines across it: a
small road crossing a
main road)

over, above,
superior

(the dot is over the
reference line)

before
in front (of)

(dot + reference line:

the dot comes before
the reference line. Th

refers to both time and space)

under, below,
inferior

(the dot is under the
reference line)

151

after

behind

(reference line + dot:

the dot comes after the

is symbol

top

(enclosure + pointer
to top)

middle, centre

(enclosure + pointer
to middle)

in, inside

(enclosure with dot
ous it)

DIRECTION

sad
Ri

bottom

(enclosure + pointer
to bottom)

base

(mountain + pointer
to base)

out, outside

(enclosure + dot
outside the enclosure

forward

(direction arrow
pointing forward)

ER.

(outside + limits)
B)

reference line. This symbol
refers to both time and space)

around

(half circle + dot: the
half circle is around
the dot)

side

(enclosure + pointer
to side)

edge

(table + pointer
to edge)

beyond, past

direction

(generalization +

© forward)

>|

backward, back

(direction arrow
pointing backward)

down

(direction arrow
pointing downward)

up and down

(two direction arrows,
one pointing up and
one pointing down)

(to) advance

(forward + action
indicator)

to, towards

(simplified half-sized
symbol for approach)

beginning
(reference line +
forward: the
advancing arrow
begins at the line)

to and fro,
back and forth

: > one pointing forward
€ and one pointing
backward)

The arrow symbol may represent:

direction forward

—_> <<

(two direction arrows,

backward

up
(direction arrow
pointing upward)

on ow noe

movement (to push), (to) fall

A A
or ne, A i

Many symbol meanings are determined by the relation of an arrow toa

reference line. For example:

approach arrival, end
approach

' (forward + vertical
reference line: the
—> advancing arrow
a4 approaches the line,
but does not reach it)

arrival, end

(forward + vertical
reference line: the
advancing arrow
arrives at the line)

TAL (to) start,
= (to) begin
: (beginning + action
indicator)

through beginning

“es igs

(to) come,
(to) approach
(

approach + action
indicator)

to) end, (to) stop, (a

can (

] « (to) arrive
+f (arrival + action
indicator)

departure

(vertical reference line
+ forward: the
advancing arrow
departs from the line)

8. Place and Direction

(to) go, (to) leave

from

(simplified half-sized
symbol for departure,
with half square
between reference
line and arrow head)

(departure + action | >
indicator) om
® return CAD

a (reference line +
<< backward arrow

tt returning to it)

(to) return,
(to) come back
(

return + action
indicator)

IS3

away, off

(simplified half-sized
symbol for departure,
with full square
between line and
arrow head)

into
(enclosure + forward

arrow entering into it)
See: out of

A (to) enter

(into + action
indicator)

out (of)

(enclosure + forward
arrow going out of it)

oO: | 4

north

(sun + pointer to north)

south

(sun + pointer to south)

© right

¥- (vertical reference V4
line, with half-sized ae
line extending to the i
right + description C
indicator)

east

(sun + pointer to east)

left

(vertical reference
line, with half-sized
line extending to the
left + description
indicator)

©

west

(sun + pointer to west)

ViLiving _
Together -

A. Communication D. Recreation

1. Language 155 1. Holidays and

2. Storybooks 160 Special Days 174

3. The Arts 161 2. Pastimes and Crafts
: on Pilaye79

B. Transportation YW Gea ee

1. Sidewalk and 5» Qutindss alos

Road Vehicles 163
2. Other Forms

of Transportation 164
3. Places where

Vehicles Travel 165

4. Other Symbols Related eat a OyeN |
to Transportation 165 ae vw rial
. — Ae ) \¥i
e ha ; h ‘ rau j 4 ee Yao
C. Cccupations wy PY
1. Primary Industries and xe Tee Soy’ AN |
Manufacturing 166 << ener
2. Commerce 168 ee ’ 2
3. Government 170 x. ee '
4. Community >

AR 4 i
Services 17] Ni?

175

1. Language

language too ord __ sentence, phrase
(mouth + ear: what is ne aa (many + word: a
spoken and heard) tt pam tot ey wangveye) x . group of words)

@ ALL THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET ARE INCLUDED
== alphabet, letters ON BLISSYMBOL DISPLAYS AND STAMPS:
(the first three letters of
ab C the English alphabet) A B C eaters etc.
a b C
A (to) communicate
COMMUNICATING (to) exchange Se eee
IDEAS (to give + to receive ‘ g
+ action indicator) \ @ meaning + action
© <a indicator)
discussion, -
Hitt §6conversation +t argument 5 (to) argue
O +> (mouth + to and fro: O ~—> | (discussion + intensity) QO —> | arn + action
——<s _tmem talk that goes back RBI Some “© < “®
and forth)
({i4{ opinion ceaeaaane suggestion, ieee

(—~N , (mind + mouth: an
ia

expression of what one

thinks)

proposal ({C) \ » | _ (suggestion + to help)
(opinion + purpose) LI TIT AW T ®

(to) translate
(bridge + language + HII
action indicator: to —++¢4 (two parallel arrows +
form a bridge of oT? _ action indicator: they
understanding are in harmony)
between languages)

(to) advise (IAL) (to) agree

(advice + action
@®indicator)

156

5

1. Language

question

(question mark +
open: the question is
open-ended)

IO.

(to) request

(to ask + please +
action indicator: to
2 ask politely)

Bale

(to) solve

(to answer + difficult
+ action indicator: to

aanswer a difficult

~ question)

A

On

(to) promise

(to say + todo +
future + action
indicator: to say that
something will be
done in the future)

@

(to) ask,
(to) question
(

question + action
indicator)

answer, reply

(question + enclosure:

the answer “closes”
the open-ended
question)

(to) describe

(to say + to think +
to be + action

© indicator: to say what

you think exists)

(to) protest

(to say + against
+ action indicator)

on «

) pray
(prayer + action
indicator)

7.0

HO

“pardon?”

(question mark +
to say: what are you
a) saying?)

OR e

hello

(mouth + two
direction arrows
pointing toward each
other: what you say
when you meet
someone)

please

(command + feeling:
a polite command)

problem

~! (question + difficult: a
2 |, Siresi question to
3)

solve)

A

(to) answer

(answer + action
indicator)

(to) explain

(to say + to understand
+ action indicator: to
say something in such
a way that another
person understands it)

®

(to) joke

(to say + comma +
aes + action
indicator: to say
something in order to
be funny)

A

©

amen Ae an ees

)TO

goodbye

(mouth + two
direction arrows
pointing away from
each other: what you
say when you part
from someone)

Oe

thanks
(feeling + to give)

Kel areltiele(= 157

yes no
= “you re welcome” aca Rae eeeetee 25s eae eee
plus wo Intensity minus two intensity
T / fi (happy + to help) + | | symbols: a strong err | | symbols: a strong
ca ——~_ positive response) ~—__—s negative response)
© 2 generalization aa
(enclosure + mouth:
() (mouth + many: what one says to charac- He ati me checed
SZ._isterize many things. CKB describes this symbol and does net reven!
f\ as “a saying about a multitude”) anything)
: We auf a iat , (to) shout
to) speak, (to) ca oe Tene
/ ' y + two intensity
WAYS OF SPEAKING O (to ) talk O rT symbols + action
indicator: to say
~~ (mouth + action ———= forcefully)
indicator)
____ (to) yell, ____ non-speaking,
ht (to) scream it (to) whisper “4 non-vocal
Ol (to say + three O = | (tosay + quiet + + (mouth + cross out +
Lies intensity symbols af * action indicator) __|®description indicator:
action indicator: to say unable to speak)
very forcefully)

3 Blissymbol

COMMUNICATING Y .
WITH BLISSYMBOLS (world + pen: writing
for the world)

&) Blissymbol part
ress eres B symbol display,
> tyss= (Blissymbol + part: the symbol may be used

along with another symbol to produce a new symbol chart
meaning based on part of the drawing of the i (page + plus
original symbol, e.g. Blissymbol part + egg wanes + Blissymbol)

(seed of life) could refer to either seed or life)

ie Kelare le lele(=

‘A (to) point

(hand on its side +
action indicator)

WRITING AND
WRITING EQUIPMENT

- paper, page
= (pictograph: the symbol
looks like a page, i.e.

zI half an open book.

See: book)

pen, pencil
(pictograph: the (to) write typewriter
symbol looks like a (pen + action (machine + to write:a
pen or pencil in writing indicator) machine that writes)
position)

(to) repeat,
blackboard workbook ‘A. (to) copy, (to) duplicate,

(book + work: a book
in which one does
work)

(enclosure + to write:
a large square on
which one can write)

to) reproduce

| (two reference lines

+ action indicator: the
line is repeated)

cm copy, repetition,

1] duplicate
-{ (to repeat + thing

indicator)

| name, term

(pen + mouth:
something which can
be spoken or written)

signature

(to write + name: the
writing of one’s name)

list

(page + many +
thing: a page of many
things)

signature stamp

(tool + signature)

instructions,
directions

(page + to use: a
page that tells one
how to use something)

rule, regulation

(page + to guide:
written guidance)

schedule

r\ (page + time: a page
1 @ that gives the times

of events)

recipe

| | Oo (page + to cook:
\ written instructions for
® cooking)

|e Ko ave[Ulere(=

[ttt] ~map

(page + earth: a page
showing a representation
of the earth)

story, tale, report

(page + mouth: a
narrative that is written
or spoken)

postcard

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a postcard
with a stamp in the
upper right corner)

(postage) stamp

(pictograph: a stamp in
the upper right corner
of an envelope)

7

letter

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an
envelope)

parcel, package

(pictograph: the symbol
looksl like a parcel)

dear

Poi (feeling + towards: a
symbol showing
affectionate or friendly
feelings toward
someone; used on
salutations of letters)

metaphor

(extended flower symbol which also
incorporates the symbol for mouth + half-
sized earthline: “flowery speech”, a signal

that what follows should not be taken literally)

poetry

(metaphor + wings +
feeling: “winged
speech” which appeals
to the emotions)

poem — ime ot
(page + poetry) |. =D

rhyme

(similar sound +
ending: the effect
produced when words
have a similar sound; it
applies particularly to
ends of lines of poetry)

PUBLISHED WRITING

book

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an open
book; it is made up of
two page symbols)

news

(eye + ear:
information received
through the eye and
the ear)

19

newspaper
(page + news)

magazine

(books + often: a
4 book that is published
©at frequent intervals)

advertisement

(page + attention: a
page that attracts one’s
attention)

fea Ke] ale lee le l=

sign
(to point + thing:

SE CK the hand points to

the thing)

2. Storybooks

A (to) pretend,

Story, tale, report
ee D- (10) make believe
4 ale
FD eerie Geinen tobe + sky + action
or spoken) LITT) indicator: to let one’s
mind soar into the sky)
V
royal
make-believe ue
athe (two protection symbols + limits + extended
(to pretend + oyy earthline + description indicator: caring for
description indicator) @®an extended territory. Also a pictograph: the

symbol looks like a crown)

king ae queen prince
I ann _ (man + royal) LSS _ (woman + royal) (boy + royal)
8) © ©
) castle seen cave
SSI rincess BWR S Ee:
ai (house + royal: a (hole + mountain:
__ (girl + royal) _house where royalty ahole ina
© lives) ®mountainside)

2. Storybooks 16]

ghost

(person + transparent:
a person that you can
see through)

monster

(being + strange:
being that is strange
~~ or unusual)

art
(Ott tt) (process of making + [J] art gallery
RT EME’ en”. feeling + thing (building + art +
A ae CF indicator: a man-made {| thing indicator: a
Z™~\ | thing that inspires ip ama | building where works
emotion in the of art are displayed)
beholder)
to) draw,
—, pen, pencil ee Sa = 0)
HHH crayon, coloured FALE (to) sketch

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pen or
pencil in writing
positon)

(pencil + picture +
@action indicator: to
use a pencil to make a

rc) pencil

.® (pencil + colour)

picture)
. TT I iceman ° r
paint AL (to) paint Ri raga
| ict cat
(chemical product + ON m~ (paint + action eae nee peice
colour + liquid) indicator) upright position)
-L] musical note oo

| <———4 music
MUSIC 4 (international symbol a
for pitch and length of a7. an (ear + musical note)
}

a sound)

162

musician

ld

(person + musical
note: a person who
makes music)

musical group

(group + musical note)

horn (musical)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a horn)

bell

(thing + 1 + musical
note: a thing with one
musical note)

x ltd

conductor

(person + to lead +
musical note: a person

who guides the players

of music)

HTH singer

(person + to a a
person who sings)

tune, melody

(plan + musical note:
a planned sequence of
notes)

ti

MASS MEDIA

od

wz

xlod

d

song

(mouth + musical note)

chorus, choir

(group + to sing: a
singing group)

composer

(person + tune: a
person who creates
tunes)

show place,
theatre

(building + eye: a
building in which to
see shows)

od

musical
instrument

(instrument + musical
note)

band, orchestra

(group + musical
instrument)

(to) sing

(song + action
indicator)

(to) whistle

(to sing + teeth +
action indicator: to
make musical sounds
through your teeth)

concert hall

(building + music: a
building where music
is played)

radio

(enclosure + ear +
electricity: a box

for hearing by means
of electricity)

@

163

television r | _,, fecord player,
ttt (enclosure + eye + mabe me elt pet stereo
Yy [ lo ") ear + electricity: a box (+) J (pictograph of a record /_ (machine + record: a
TA # for seeing and hearing Lia} Tt ear) NEA NY © machine that plays |
by means of electricity) records)

tape recorder

XY f (machine + to copy +
sound: a machine that
= — © reproduces sound)

|aes}ie(=\1\ell are latel .<elele fAYA-) allel =

wheel tricycle

(pictograph: the symbol (2 + wheel: a two- (3 + wheel: three-

oe) ele eee: 28 wheeled vehicle) 38 wheeled vehicle)

bicycle

heeradheeemnfvemnnfted

wagon
«) cee , TLL {4 (pictograph: the symbol ‘1. car, vehicle
_ wheelchair er looks like a wagon, —
CNC made up of the vehicle ri (pictograph: the
(wheel + chair) ct symbol + a diagonal 52%) symbol looks like a
pea: line representing a = wheeled vehicle)
handle)
€) motor car,
crt automobile weaae
Pci coo taxi + ambulance

(pictograph: the

ee) symbol looks like a
motor car; a vehicle
symbol + a steering
column)

ee car + limited wx (motor car + medical)
ime

164

bus

————— (three wheels + line
+ steering column: a
many-wheeled motor

car)

i)

truck

(three wheeled motor

“Te vehicle + thing: a
many-wheeled vehicle
- that carries things; also

a pictograph of a truck)

)ramanqpumnengeseonjoeverposenspueonepaerenjeemmnpranen

(bus + little)
BS 6°

BBS. A

van

fire truck

(truck + fire + cross

out: truck used to put
®out fires)

iSite fentnize||-enelavol .cele(oMA’d-allars

crane

(pictograph: device for
lifting a vehicle)

dumptruck

(truck + symbol for
out of, with downward

8 arrow)

FH eee -- train

aK tees) many F ca

rittt) rocket

A? (pictograph of a rocket
/[| + arrow to show
upward motion)

sailboat

4 (pictograph made from
: the symbols for boat
= + sail)

airplane, plane
(wings + wheel)

boat, ship

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a boat with a
mast; it is based on the
symbol for container)

jet plane

(plane + out of: a
plane driven forward
by expelling gas)

sail
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a sail)

3. Places Where Vehicles Travel

street

(house with an

extended earthline +

pointer)

bridge

looks like a bridge
between two half-
sized earthlines)

(pictograph: the symbol

river

(water + forward:
water that flows)

lake

sea, ocean
(much + much +

sky

(full-sized horizontal

line on the “skyline”’
of the symbol drawing
area)

(much + water: a

body of water) SOK pes body

trip, travel, journey

(wheel + earthline:
movement along the
earth)

[AT

patente

(to) travel

R (trip + action indicator)

(to) move

(wheel + half-sized
earthline + action
indicator: a less
emphatic form of the
symbol for to travel)

© [Al

(to) carry,
(to) transport

(thing + wheel +
action indicator: to
move something with

(to) bring

(to carry + forward +
reference line +
action indicator: to
carry toward a given

(to) send

(to carry + reference
line + forward +
action indicator: to
carry away from a

the help of wheels) location) given location)
ere _,. (to) ride
ETAL | i } LA! | (
aun (to) drive (0 car) mz (to sit + forward +

(motor car + action
indicator)

| action indicator: to go
| @forward ina sitting
position)

4. Other Symbols Related to Transportation

danger baggage,

(creation + intensity: CKB says that this BAe luggage

symbol implies that we must take care that we

do not harm ourselves or others, since we are Feed (pictograph: the symbol

all part of a divine Creation) looks like a suitcase)

ticket

(paper + to enter: a
paper that allows you
to enter)

i malaatelavalacelOcasai-smelaremitelaleiceroUlaiare

farm farmer +H =barn
(protection + field: a - 3 aa

place where the fields
are cared for)

(house + animal:

To house for animals)

(person + farm: a
person who farms)

(to) grow
[ALLL (flower + up + action indicator: to come up
plough ye—-¢- as flowers do. CKB says that this symbol
(knife + earth: an applies primarily to agriculture and
earth cutter) hia horticulture, but that it may be used in a more

general sense, such as “children grow up.” )
See: (to) increase

harvest Lit fish

(knif ol © ep a ee ee ++ fishing
nife + grain: cutting - ow, (pictograph: the symbol wae :
of the grain) KA looks like a fish) (to get + fish)

1. Primary Industries and Manufacturing

167

nee onic forest, woods
(pictograph: the symbol (tree + pointer (many + many +
looks like a tree) to trunk) tree: a large group
ia of trees)
material

TAL [) (thing + half-sized
fo) cut —~ earthline: things that wood, lumber
3 | / "| (knife + action [] you get from the earth:
+ indicator) the symbol can mean (Ue
raw material or
material)
_... mine A metal
Lit (mountain + dot: the bead tes (to) dig es (material + metal; the
CT dot locates the position (shovel + earth + thing symbol repeated
mA of the mine deep action indicator) C Er creates a shape which
within the mountain) Se eee like a
ar of meta
fuel (to) make
(enclosure + electro- (TAL. (flattened version of factory

magnetic radiation:
energy that can be put
into an enclosure

and used to power
something)

creation symbol, aoe Giniees >
meaning the process uilding o make:
by Which nips anaeee building where things
beings make things + are manufactured)
action indicator)

goods

(container + thing:
things that are held
in stock)

N.B. For more symbols which represent things that can be
manufactured see: Ill Being Alive B. Things We Need

168

B>l>

GENERAL SYMBOLS
ABOUT WORKING

(to) work

(work + action
indicator)

>>

work, employment

(two half-sized action
symbols, one above

the other to “heighten”
the meaning: activity with
a purpose)

unemployment

(minus + work:

—/\ without work)

success

(three direction arrows: one arrow is able to
move beyond the opposition of the other two;
i.e. is able to overcome difficulties)

(to) support
(financially)

(to help + with +
money + action
indicator)

secretary

(person + secret:
a person who keeps
secrets)

SYMBOLS RELATED
TO MONEY

fp po4o4

coin

(disc + money: money

in disc form)

boss

worker ERMOREREC EUR
tf A (person + to guide +
(person + to work) osm a ee Ne work: a person who

2 directs the work)

office

(room + work +
pencil: a room where
paperwork is done)

money

(simplification of traditional symbol for trade
and commerce: the rod of mercury; the
symbol also looks a little like a dollar sign)

dollar ‘cent

(traditional symbol (the traditional symbol
for dollars) eter cents) \

Vad @eolanlaalsinaz:

cost, price Se peneivS M cheap, inexpensive
(money + for

Vv
BDA RB (much + money + “~
ne (opposite meaning +
+ thing) x B WV a for’ thing: costing i x< R VW O expensive)

a lot of money)

rich, wealthy ‘poor -LL) business, trade

(much + money + ai (without + money + Le is dis th
}@ description indicator) —— Q) description indicator) \ ‘the sgh cA SUSI

ee (to) buy (to) sell
hs A (money + thing + A 7) (thing + money +
(person + to help + action indicator: first . action indicator: first
business: a person who CO you have the money, EA | you have a thing,
-©helps in a business) which you use to buy a ee which you sell
thing) for money)
ease aw ‘T] account
) pay Te ~6bank

Y | : + container: a
POSS ene ym ans ay building + mone eee!
; a J 1Q te action indicator) (1) ( g y) NY Su Ma a

(to) borrow

on (to receive + limited
i time + action
indicator: to receive

for a limited time)

(to) lend

(to give + limited time
+ action indicator: to
give for a limited time)

170

fa es (S| Ul ia Sl

flag a country, state tq province, state
Helng hua, ae RF (flag + earth) (part (of) + country) &

(to) lead, (to) (to) govern,
guide, (to) direct | :

(mind + forward +
action indicator: to use

mental powers to carry
events or persons forward)

international

(country + all +
description indicator)

(to) rule @

(to lead + country +
action indicator: to
lead a country)

royal
a eae king
(two protection symbols + limits + extended
earthline + description indicator: caring for | (man +
@an extended territory. Also a pictograph: the ® royal)

symbol looks like a crown)

He AKC > (group + to lead
a Gidea + country)

—, citizen

vernment fe
Jo it ps (man + earth: a man in relationship to a

territory; the man symbol touching the
earth forms a woman symbol—women are
also citizens)

(the) public public (adj.) fT war
(two crossed swords,

(many + many +
suggesting armed

(many + many +
person + description

~ person: a large group xx |

) of people) indicator) conflict)
peace soldier
ioe Hehe (person + war)

v Wim Gola alaalelaliavansy-) aalecys

171

: medical _. hospital
4g (asimplification of LSebee ildi ical:
MEDICINE | the caduceus, the ete aise

traditional medical medical eee

~~ symbol + description ~ are received)
indicator)
doctor, physician

meee Pee dentist

(person + medical)

L$dr

(person + medical
+ dr, the English
abbreviation for

(person + medical
Iw + teeth)

doctor)
therapist
(mutual aid + forward medicine
+ person: a person
working cooperatively (chemical product
with another person + medical)
to produce one upright
person)
school “12 (to) learn
EDUCATION AR (building + to teach: a \ (to receive +
| beni where knowledge + action
eee teaching goes on) indicator)
A
(to) teach teacher student, pupil

(to give + knowledge
NL + action indicator)

(person + to teach) (person + to learn)

class

(group + to learn: a
group of people who
are learning)

blackboard

(enclosure + to write:
/~ Ne. a large square on
which one can write)

workbook

(book + work: a
book in which one
does work)

172 4. Community Services

Resource Centre
x current events (building + for + to

) ( plural indicator) a building where
wail a knowledge is given out

and received)

Blissymbolics
Resource Centre

» > (Resource Centre +
about + Blissymbol)

God
religion two creation or nature
g
RELIGION (feeling + creation symbols superimposed;
Paeture) above our created
2 world is a higher
Creator)
angel UT EMh ied church, temple
a Pall (person + to teach + ds ‘
eae is et ne God: person who gives ete: a : h
: od: a winge us knowledge about uilding evoted to the
person sent by God) God) worship of God)
truth
[TT] (mind + creation +
paoyiet (to) pio oR question mark: the

mind believes itself to
understand the nature
of things, but it may be
in error)

(to speak + to + God:
@talking to God)

(prayer + action

indicator)

Ol

belief ‘Y Christian

YW) A (feeling + truth: what Et, tae
eeling ruth: wha 2. ipti
CO one feels to be true, T (symbol for Christianity) T aac ot

without needing proof)

4. Community Services

eiiwel i
bt
i

= Jesus Christ
yy KF. (man + cross)

© - eternal life
D |. 69 (life + after + death)

VARIOUS
COMMUNITY HELPERS

volunteer

is AK (aide + free: person
Se gives assistance
Zi@ © freely)
© +) police officer

(person + protection:
a person who protects)

an Pau ) (person + to protect +
| child: a person who

sin

iN ~~ = (morally wrong + yoLN

God: something [AO |

; morally wrong in
God’s eyes)

Vv. Jewish

Ay (the star of David +
Cx description indicator)

baby sitter a

cares for the child)

counsellor

Ie “(person + suggestion
+ to help: a person
ral @ who makes suggestions

in order to help)

firefighter

(person + fire + cross
out: a person who puts
out fires)

(person + sin: a
person who sins)

aide, helper,

(person + help: a
person who gives aid)

174

birthday

As (day + birth: the day
of one’s birth)

/ \ AX: i \, (birthday + year:
4 4 the day that a new
NA © year is born)

lif mle) I {elon zie lale ms) et-tele] im Ble NVA:

New Year's Day Christmas

(birthday + cross: &
Christ’s birthday)

Good Friday

ANT AD (day + death + cross:
__ the day of Christ’s
Pte 118) death)

- holiday

(day + happy: a day
WZ Ns happy activities) \.

Hallowe'en

(day + ghost: a day
@for ghosts)

anniversary

(year + again: an
occasion that comes
again every year)

G ai Ht the day of Christ’s
®rising from the dead)

Sabbath, day

FN WY of rest )
Bish (day + rest: a day

for resting)

Easter

(day + to rise + cross:

Valentine's
Day
@(day + love: a day

to celebrate love) @

A compound symbol may be contracted when used as a part of another com-
pound symbol. For example:

Thanksgiving

(day + thanks: a day
/ ®tfor giving thanks)

Jesus Christ Christmas

i 1 is contracted to 1 Co LON -

sport basketball

A Ly is contracted to A in A eS

OTHER SYMBOLS
RELATED TO HOLIDAYS

gathering
valentine

(page + love: a
“_® message of love)

We (four shortened arrows
> < pointing inward
Pp towards each other,
i.e. gathering together)

mo) felon vacere ave bes} ol =Yelle| | Blo \Vs—

HH party

people happy)

game

LOK (contest + happy: a
| contest that makes the
®participants happy)

‘¥ Christian
(cross + description
indicator)

chi (gathering + happy: a
f+ @gathering that makes

special

~ (feeling + important
Oli A + description indicator:

_@something that is felt to
be important is special)

gift, present

(thing + to give: a
thing that is given)

Jewish

(star of David +
description indicator)

2. Pastimes and Crafts

Ws

treat
thing + special
t o! g + sp )

PASTIMES

book

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like an open
book; it is made up of
two page symbols)

aaa ans hobby, pastime
LA | | (activity + interesting)

story,tale, report

T ee (page + mouth: a
| O narrative that is sg

- written or spoken)

(to) read

(to see + page +
action indicator)

magazine

(book + often: a book
ther is published at
8 ®©fequent intervals)

176
[194

2. Pastimes and Crafts

record player,
stereo

radio television

(enclosure + ear (enclosure + eye +
electricity: a box Ag Gy ear + electricity: a box
hearing by means of for seeing and hearing

by means of electricity)

machine that plays

electricity) records)
—, camera
Perl scar tape recorder Sear ae

a : enclosure ight: a
(pictograph of record (machine + poe ae cepa box which uses the
+ ear) e eds a nee sl KA, sunlight to record what

Se / reproduces sound) the eye sees)
projector
(camera + forward: a film AL (to) cook

device that projects the
picture produced by a
camera forward onto

He (to make + food +

cylinder + camera CAC
(cy ) | /N "action indicator)

a screen)
NOSIS | plant flower
am (page + to cook: ey (pictograph: the symbol ) : |
[] a _ written instructions looks like a flower with ee Tce tlay ea
mae‘) for cooking) a leaf)
(to) grow

°

CALL flower + up + action indicator: to come up
garden aa - a flowers o CKB says that this symbol
(flower + earth: a applies primarily to agriculture and
place with flowers) horticulture, but that it may be used in a more

general sense, such as “children grow up.’’)
See: (to) increase

(to) make : rate

(TAL. (flattened version of
—+—— creation symbol,
4 meaning man-made, the
ZN process by which
human beings make
things + action indicator)

(process of making +
hand: the production
of handmade things,
e.g. quilting or
woodcarving)

CRAFTS

(machine + record: a

(

2. Pastimes and Crafts

handmade
product

(craft + thing indicator:
the handmade object
produced by a craft,
e.g. a quilt or a plaque)

AEs

(to) crochet
(to make + cloth +
oy hook + action

indicator: to make
cloth with a hook)

£3 make cloth, =x)
) weave ia ewe

(to make + cloth + pnae! el

ae indicator)

Se See ee

O (to) knit A (to) sew A (to) fone
(to make + cloth + 2 + linear thing + action LATE (to) Stic
indicator + thing indicator: to make cloth a era ean HEE (glue + action
using two linear things—knitting needles) ieee
ar) (to) fasten, (to) tool, instrument

rT] join, (to) attach Sree highorsnendea thine
+ (together + action R CRAFTS used by the hand to
indicator) extend its abilities)

111) hook, hanger scissors (sewing) needle

—._, (pictograph: the symbol me Be
N= looks like a hook)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pair of
closed scissors) me

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a needle
with an eye)

sewing machine

(machine + to sew: a
machine for sewing)

7

hammer

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a hammer)

nail

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a nail. It is
twice the height of the
pin symbol)

pin Pom
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pin. It is
half the height of the
nail symbol)

saw pee

screw

(the symbol resembles
the path made by the
thread of a screw)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a saw; it also
incorporates the
symbol for teeth)

4, screwdriver
il? (tool + screw)

pliers

(pictograph: the symbol
oPK___ looks like a pair of

pliers)

wire

(linear thing + metal)

ruler, measuring

stick @
(measurement + thing

indicator)

(to) play

K

bh weg «(todo + happy +
action indicator: to

AO S71 pursue activities that

make one happy)

tricycle
(3 + wheel: a three-

3 ®& wheeled vehicle)

PLAYING AT
THE PLAYGROUND

PLAYING ON THE
STREET AND SIDEWALK

roller skates

(pictograph, made up
of feet and legs + two
wheels in the position
of skates: wheeled
skates)

swing

(to swing + thing

bicycle

(2 + wheel: a two-
wheeled vehicle)

wagon

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a wagon,
made up of the vehicle
symbol + a diagonal
line representing

a handle)

merry-go-round,
carousel

(to circle + happy +
thing indicator: a thing
that makes you happy
by going around and
around)

sand

LITT (powder + rock:
crcl A powdered rock)

sandbox

il HH TA (half enclosure + sand)

snowman

(man + snow)

PLAYING IN THE SNOW

sled

; | ictograph: the symbol

(pictograph of a eer de ed

snowshoe + legs and Etats 100Ks ihe sisted nana
incorporates the

feet + snow: special co
shoe for walking over FE yates bee Cala

snowshoe

pH a ski)

179

slide

(thing + downward
pointing diagonal
arrow + child: a thing
for a child to slide
down)

ice skates

(pictograph, made up
of feet and legs +
two curved lines
resembling skates)

skis
(2 + a pictograph of

snow) that carries things)
(to) swim (to) float
PLAYING IN (through + water + ttt «(container + water +
THE WATER action indicator: --+, action indicator: the
to move through the Naea container appears to
water) float on the water)
ALC Aca tenes 5 i
+++, (to) splash tho pool = swimming pool
m~, (to hit + water + mij (half enclosure or ~~
squi a indicator) + water) Cet cn aan. (etal sein)

|= wading pool
~ (pool + child: a pool
for a child to wade in)

TOYS AND GAMES He, PE] r ioe ae iaye
a plaything)

doll

(child + man-made)

TAN

puppet
(doll + hand: a
doll manipulated by

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a balloon on

the hand) a string)

ki block Meee. ee

Me (pictograph: the symbol erica Sy Oe COIOUrEe

(pictograph: the symbol anf looks like a three- pencil

looks like a kite on dimensional block; it is J eee

a string) ~ half the size of the ® (pencil + colour)
symbol for box)

paint SS (playing) cards

(chemical product +
colour + liquid)

— ee

>OTt.

table game
(to play + table: an

Tr “Jo enioyable activity that

uses a table)

er

(contest + happy: a
contest that makes the
® participants happy)

(paper + to play +
plural indicator)

AACt

pail
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a pail)

N.B. For more symbols that could
represent toys, see: V Living Together,
B. Transportation.

4. Sports

SPORTS EQUIPMENT Hy

bat

(linear thing + ball: a
linear thing used to hit

a ball)

ball fam

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a small

stiched ball)

vans) fe) gk

@ AN

mitt (sports)

(glove + to catch:
glove for use when
catching a ball)

court, field

(place + sport: a
place where sports are

Arle

sport stick

(pictograph: the symbol

looks like a hockey
stick)

gym mat

(floor covering +
sport: a floor covering

4© Used for sports)

(2 + a pictograph of

roller skates

(pictograph, made up

of feet and legs + two
wheels in the position

of skates: wheeled

NAMES OF SPORTS

basketball

(activity + ball +
container placed high
in symbol space: a
game in which a ball
is tossed into a high

FEEn®@

sled

(pictograph: the
symbol looks like a
sled, and incorporates
the symbols for ski and
thing: a snow vehicle
that carries things)

snowshoe
(pictograph of a

snow)

sport
(activity + healthy)

baseball

(activity + ball +
baseball diamond +
pointer to a base: a
ball game played on
a diamond)

(pictograph of a goal
with a ball in it)

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a racquet)

ice skates

(pictograph, made up
of feet and legs +
two curved lines
resembling skates)

snowshoe + legs and
feet + snow: special
shoes for walking over

badminton

(activity + ball with
wings: a game played
'@with a feathered

(4 + baseball
diamond + pointer to
a base: a run around
all four bases)

182

: golf
cre bowling (activity + sport stick afc bate
m= (activity + ball + + ball + simplified a aptatimeni «= (activity + ball +
earth: sport in which Ne hole symbol: a game hammer: a game in
A Hee a ball is rolled along A epee which a stick is used A ) Loe witee a mallet is used
the ground) to propel the ball into to move the ball)
a hole)
football, soccer . wrestling

(activity + 2 + person

(activity + ball + legs
+ to mix: a sport in

and feet: a game in
which legs and feet which two people

boxing 7 : ea

(activity + to fight) | N
are used to move the © ACD aeteolet grapple with each
ball) other)

tennis Be ping pong tytit field hockey

QD ee ot panfeclils i -. (tennis + table: a
of two crosse

4. game like tennis,
Fe @racquets: a game ASH ®played ona table)

played with racquets)

(activity + sport stick
+ ball: a game played
with a stick and a ball)

ice hockey eye

— (activity + sport stick OTHER SYMBOLS a k
ya. + disc + ice: a game RELATED TO SPORTS ar Al] ecihee aetna
® played on ice witha x YN puke works together)

stick and a rubber disc) u

race, contest, competition

(two parallel arrows pointing forward but
—> beginning from different starting points: with
> one arrow ahead of the other, they appear to
be competing)

(to) race,
(to) compete

(race + action
indicator)

game | ~ Pee — (to) win

wy, s tittth «score ~ (race + addition +
(contest + happy: a a ttt } ap Croat ;
tT contest that makes the | —> (number + race) —_=> action indicator: to
® participants happy)

| a '® Li Soot | achieve a “big plus’’
through competition)

e 4

rule, regulation ‘Alt 1) (to) practise
; AT to work + repetition
(page + to guide: | | ( eae
: + action indicator: to
pase coun cance) rae ®work at something)

(to) hit

(to touch + two
intensity symbols +
action indicator: to use
the hand forcefully)

(to) catch

(hand + to receive +
action indicator)

(to) run

\E : Pos tH (to walk + quick +
Peete

| action indicator)

183

(to) exercise

(to work + healthy +
action indicator: to
work in a healthy
manner)

(to) kick

(legs and feet + two
pointers + intensity +
action indicator: to
move legs and feet
forecefully)

date (social)

outing A pttnttenirtentetmty (tO Meet + man +
legs and feet Saad — | woman: a man anda
: out of) taal \ @woman meeting each
ae tae oe ia other socially)
vacation

(unemployment +

happy: a time of

is happy)

CAMP AND COTTAGE awe

: -@not working which C as Pro

gathering

(four shortened arrows
pointing inward
toward each other, i.e.
gathering together)

camp

(gathering + country-
side + limited time: a
e@temporary gathering

~~ place in the country)

cabin, cottage, hut

(house + little: a
little house)

tent

(house + cloth: a
— © shelter made of cloth)

bonfire, campfire

(fire + happy: a fire
that is enjoyable)

fishing
(to get + fish)

ee ee eee

xx, H

sailboat

(pictograph made from
the symbols for boat
+ sail)

seq, ocean

(much + much +
water: a large body

®of water)

country,
countryside

(earth + tree: the
place where earth
and trees dominate
the landscape)

farm

(protection + field: a
place where fields are
cared for)

boat, ship
(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a boat with a
mast; it is based on the
symbol for container)

OUTDOOR PLACES
TO GO

beach, shore

(earth + water: the
place where land
touches water)

en es SS Se ee ee |

park

(flower + earth +
tree: a place with
flowers and trees)

barn

(house + animal: a

Yar oltet for animals)

Se ee ee ee ee

(eg Sy

sail

(pictograph: the symbol
looks like a sail)

lake

(much + water: a
body of water)

island

(water + earth
+ water: land
surrounded by water)

ZOO
(park + animal: a park

@for animals)

INDOOR PLACES TO GO

ove @lU flare

art gallery

(building + art +
thing indicator: a
building where works
of art are displayed)

store, shop

(room that opens onto
the street + business:
a public room where
money is exchanged
for goods)

ae ahem

castle

library

(building + book: a
building that contains
a collection of books)

shopping centre,

plaza, mall

| (many + simplified
x —1 symbol for store: a

group of stores)

x
(house + royal: a Ct
house where royalty ay Fy] an

) lives)

museum

(building + thing +
interesting + plural
indicator: a building
where interesting
things are displayed)

show place,
theatre

(building + eye: a
building in which to
see shows)

restaurant

. ‘= (room that opens onto
O the street + food: a
az public room where

food is served)

VI Symbols for
Sentence-
Building

1. Symbols with
English Equivalents 187
2. Special Blissymbols 191

i} : 4 RR SSS

1. Symbols With English Equivalents

a, an, any

— (The diagonal line suggests an index finger,

‘No but it is not pointing at anything in particular.

Li The symbol uses the opposite diagonal to that
in the, this and that)

187

the

7 (The diagonal line suggests an index finger
f# pointing in an unemphatic way to something
HH specific. The symbol uses the same diagonal
line as this and that

this

7 (The diagonal line suggests an index finger
- pointing in an emphatic way at something

| specific. The symbol uses the same diagonal

line as the and that)

ethiat

— (The diagonal line, suggests an index finger
{| pointing in an emphatic way at something
=|) specific. The symbol uses the same diagonal

line as the and this)

YY specific “- general

‘aca Gm ea ina

me anyone ttto anything

f. (the + description a + description a Bt NN :

ao ieee a a eae x \ (any + person) Dy se (any + thing)
aaee fH 3 ({1] either ct or
_—_ anywhere ct GY UMS | 75 © doice palf-<ized Ey (haltsized symbelt
LITT (any + simplification N | . DE deter he ee LA ( Beane UES
CoSo f the symbol for place) M4 (any + time) [¥ symbol for relation) oN _ relation + dot) See:

or the symbol Tor p See: at, here, there at, here, there

Poe not —— neither + nor
| — (minus + intensity) ED (minus + either) mime. lS!)

() and (2) plus (3) also

(half-sized addition symbol, centred between
sky and earthlines, for small meaning of
addition) See: with the help of, belongs to

"but, except

(CKB likens the but that halts a free flow of
{I speech to a vertical reference line that stops a
~ horizontal flowing line)

=

188 | 1. Symbols With English Equivalents

| although =
i unless if <- _ (three pointers: one Le] therefore
inter successfully ae
(question mark pom BS (half-sized symbol
eH a sou + or) 2: > einer > passes through, — Da for cause)
: < —~ although two pointers a
oppose it)
because while

rl (half-sized symbol for cause + question mark. Rene j
———~ CKB points out that this symbol is the reverse of ar during

> ?) the symbol for why, and reminds us that the ¢ (limited time + dot:

+ question mark remains to show that not all KA, occurring at a time
~~~ answers beginning with “because” are complete limited by reference to
or satisfactory) another event)

14 relation
“(The mathematical symbol for greater than. 2a!
This symbol, in half-size, is the basis for ase by, of
~~~ several Blissymbols, such as about, for and Pts haltceted suniele
here. The mathematical symbol for smaller I va ee Snel cs
than also means “relation” in Blissymbolics. Cl backward)
Used in half-size, this symbol is the basis for
by, against and there)
about, of, | purpose iia sees diel")
HK concerning —«x— (two relation symbols; t+ counter sedated
> (half-sized symbol for -S)._ the doubled symbol <4 (two relation symbols,
relation, pointing | Stresses a purposeful LN pointing in the
forward) relationship) opposite direction to
the purpose symbol)
against,
| for (for the [1 opposed to 1) for (in exchange for)
[<1 purpose of) Co 7\ (simplification of th
S» K (half-sized symbol for “S (simplitication of the
(half-sized symbol | opposition, counter ap symbol for to
Li for purpose) am purpose) exchange)
before after
[ at in front (of) behind
Co See eee ote (dot + reference line: (reference line + dot:
S (ha Sas SYMIDOL TOF . | the dot comes before | + the dot comes after the
Li} position) the reference line. This reference line. This

symbol refers to both symbol refers to both
time and space) time and space)

Parsy'Zanlece)om A'dbial =areliicjal se (8) \zel(=lan

&) | 2
aaa HSER Re description indicator)

on

(half-sized earthline +
pointer: this symbol
refers only to space,
not to time. )

beyond, past

(outside + limits

» over, above,

prmpepeernfemmn

i¢—+—

superior

(the dot isoverthe ~.+-
reference line) ar

in, inside

(enclosure with dot
inside it)

under, below
inferior

(the dot is under the
reference line)

189

out, outside

(enclosure + dot
outside the enclosure)

around

(half circle + dot: the
half circle is around
the dot)

to, towards

(simplified half-sized
symbol for approach)

HE

an ae ee ee

from

(simplified half-sized
symbol for departure,
with half square
between reference
line and arrow head)

away, off

| (simplified half-sized

‘4; symbol for departure,
[ > with full square
between line and
arrow head)

into

(enclosure + forward
arrow entering into it)

out (of)

(enclosure + forward
arrow going out of it)

iti

up and down
(two direction arrows,
one pointing up and
one pointing down)

with (the help of)

(half-sized addition
symbol, with the
crossbar located on the
skyline) See: and,
belongs to

7

across

(a vertical reference
line with two short
lines across it: a small
road crossing a main
road)

HHH u p

(direction arrow
pointing upward)

~ | down

| (direction arrow
/ pointing downward)

through

(vertical reference line
with forward arrow
passing through it)

minus, without

(half-sized subtraction

symbol, for small my
meaning of subtraction) —

who, which, that, when, where
(‘the relativiser’’)

(double commas or ditto marks, centred
between sky and earthlines; this symbol is
equivalent, in an English sentence, to the
relative pronoun or conjunction used to
introduce a relative clause)

190 | _1. Symbols With English Equivalents

em sl ove: ik
— what? ____ what thing’ _ who? whose?
vi : ieee ? (question mark ? /}- (question mark (who? + belongs to) ©
ma CIGECSUG ITE! g rort) + thing) 4 + person)
toy why? —| which? Hy how? ©
fe > (question mark + half- 2 —— (question mark + part) ‘2 4. (question mark +
("7 sized symbol for cause) TI to do)
belongs to, of (the possessive)
LH (half-sized addition symbol, with crossbar my, mine
-.. located on the earthline: the possessive is
[. | formed by adding this symbol after a “noun” (| + belongs to)
4 or “pronoun,” e.g. child + belongs to =
child’s and he + belongs to = his)
Seema your, yours
Our CUrs Fite §=your, yours (plural)

(we + belongs to +

ee (you + belongs to)
plural indicator)

(you (plural) +
belongs to + plural

indicator)
his her, hers Peaeets
(he + belongs to) (she + belongs to) | Hi (it + belongs to)

their, theirs +4 whose

(they + belongs to + _.. (who (“the relativiser’)
plural indicator) ee coe + belongs to)

2. Special Blissymbols

THREE IMPORTANT cy
BLISSYMBOLS F]

value, evaluation

(the symbol represents a cone in an unstable
situation, balanced on its point, and reminds
us that out evaluations of things are fallible)

thing

(outline of a crystal
cube, a material thing)

19]

action

(from shape of volcano
cone, which CKB says
represents “one of the
primeval actions of our
earth’’)

/\

INDICATORS

Sj}

description (evaluation) indicator

(quarter-sized evaluation symbol, placed
above another symbol to show that it is
describing or evaluating something. This
indicator produces meanings equivalent to
English adjectives and adverbs)

description (evaluation) after
the fact indicator

(description (evaluation) indicator + dot: the
dot comes after the indicator. This indicator,
placed above another symbol, produces meanings
equivalent to an English past participle,

usually with an -ed or -en ending)

description (evaluation) before
the fact indicator

(dot + description (evaluation) indicator:
the dot comes before the indicator. This
indicator, placed above another symbol,
produces meanings equivalent to English
words with an -able ending)

action indicator

(quarter-sized action symbol, placed above a
symbol to create the infinitive form of a verb;
it is also used to indicate the present tense of
a verb)

In BCI materiais, verbs are presented in the infinitive
form. The action indicator appears above the symbol, the
word “‘to’”’ in parentheses is included in the accompa-
nying wording. There are three basic action indicators:

action past action future action
indicator indicator indicator
A ) ¢

Note: The action indicator is used to denote the pre-
sent tense as well as the infinitive.

A

The symbol © is equivalent to all the forms of the
present tense in English. It can mean sees and is see-
ing, as appropriate to the context.

)

In the past tense, the symbol © can mean saw,
has seen, did see.

(

In the future tense, the symbol © can mean will
see, will be seeing, is going to see.

2. Special Blissymbols

conditional

past action future action oon
) indicator +t indicator ize indicator .
(quarter-sized symbol (quarter-sized symbol ee ee ees
for past, placed -. for future, placed symbol io 'indicate the
above another symbol ~~ above another symbol ee equivalent of the English
to indicate past action) to future action) conditional verb form)
2)|. past conditional indicator (2. future conditional indicator

(the future action indicator + the (present)
conditional indicator, placed above a symbol
to indicate the future conditional)

(the (present) conditional indicator + the past
action indicator, placed above a symbol to
indicate the past conditional)

passive indicator

< (an action indicator, turned on its side and
pointing backward. It is logically related to the
symbol for by. This indicator, placed above
another symbol, emphasizes that something is
being acted upon by something else)

active indicator

= (an action indicator, turned on its side and
pointing forward. It is logically related to the
symbol for about. This indicator, placed above
another symbol, emphasizes that something is
acting on something else)

thing indicator

(quarter-sized thing
symbol, placed above
another symbol to
indicate something
concrete)

BLISSYMBOLS APPLIED IN A
SPECIAL WAY

plural indicator

(quarter-sized symbol
for multiplication,
placed above another
symbol to indicate a
plural form)

command

(exclamation mark:
used to indicate that
the symbol statement
which follows it is an
imperative)

question

(question mark +

open: the question is
open-ended. This symbol
is used to indicate that the
symbol statement which
follows it is a question)

opposite meaning

+ (exclamation mark: _~ (the symbol is a simplification of arrows
| used following another | pointing up and down; it is used in
’

intensity

symbol to heighten combination with another symbol to create
meaning) a new meaning which is an antonym e.g.
opposite meaning + many = few)

2. Special Blissymbols

generalization

(mouth + many: what one says to characterize
many things. It may be used in combination
with one or more other symbols to produce a
generalized meaning, e.g. generalization +
chair + table = furniture)

part (of)

(half-sized division symbol; it may be used in
combination with another symbol to create a
meaning which is a part of the meaning of the
original symbol, e.g. part of + language =
word)

belongs to, of (the possessive)

(half-sized addition symbol, with cross-bar
located on the earthline: the possessive is
formed by adding this symbol after a “noun”
or “pronoun,” e.g. child + belongs to =
child’s and he + belongs to = his)

rhyme

(similar sound +
ending: the effect
produced when words
have a similar sound; it
applies particularly to
ends of lines of poetry)

ee on oe

193
minus, without

(half-sized subtraction symbol, for small
meaning of subtraction; it may be used in
combination with another symbol to create a
new ‘negative’ meaning, e.g. minus +
sound = silence)

group of (the collective)

(half-sized multiplication symbol, related to
the symbol for much/many; one or more of
these symbols may be used in combination
with another symbol to create a collective
meaning, e.g. group of (much/many) + tree
= grove)

similar sound

(similar + sound: used
in combination with
another symbol to
create a new meaning
that is a homonym)

metaphor

(extended flower symbol which also
incorporates the symbol for mouth + half-
sized earthline: ‘flowery speech”, a signal
that what follows should not be taken literally)

comma

(used to divide

meaning units in SSS essa one
compound and JN.
combined symbols, aratt ee NM
in order to clarify

meaning)

the pointer

(an arrowhead, which
points to a detail

of a symbol, or toa
particular location)

N.B. Punctuation marks, for example, period, comma, exclamation mark and question mark are used as they are

in writing English sentences.

A

a 187, 59

ability 92, 43

able: (to) be able 92, 44
about 188, 46
above 151, 189, 44
accessory 111, 39
account 169, 35
accurate 103, 34
across 151, 189, 56
act 96, 51

(to) act 92, 52
action 96, 191, 51

action indicator 191, 517
active indicator 192, 54
activity 96, 51

(to) add 105, 138, 49
addition 138, 49
admiration 108, 18
adolescent 75, 27
adult 75, 27

(to) advance 96, 152, 22
advertisement 159, 40
advice 105, 155, 29

(to) advise 105, 155, 29
afraid 107, 18

afraid: to be afraid 107, 18
after 145, 151, 188, 58
afternoon 147, 26
again 146, 43
against 188, 46
ago 145, 36
(to) agree 155, 22
aid (abstract) 84, 48
aid (concrete) 84, 48
aid: hearing,

aid 85, 133, 48
(to) aid 91, 48
aide 173, 47

air 67, 55
airplane 164, 24
alcoholic drink 116, 46
all 139, 38

all gone 139, 38
(to) allow 101, 22
almost 150, 59
alone 139, 32
along with 138, 49
alphabet 155, 60
also 138, 187, 49
although 188, 46
always 145, 26

ambulance 163, 24
(to) amuse 105, 22
an 187, 59

and 138, 187, 49
angel 172, 36
angle 143, 55
angry 108, 49
animal 73, 52
ankle 80, 54
anniversary 174, 25
answer 105, 156, 38
(to) answer 105, 156, 38
anxious 108, 17

any 187, 59

anyone 187, 59

anything 187, 59

any time 144, 187, 59

anywhere 150, 187, 56

apartment 120, 20

appointment 149, 26

approach 152, 22

to) approach 96, 152, 22

to} approve 102, 55

April 148, 34

apron 111, 117, 45

(to) argue 155, 28

argument 155, 28

arm 79, 57

around 151, 189, 34

(to) arrange 100, 33

arrival 152, 23

(to) arrive 99, 152, 23

art 161, 42

art gallery 120, 161,
185, 20

artificial respiration:
(to give) artifical
respiration 85, 93, 43

(to) ask 105, 156, 42

asleep 83, 29

(to) assist 91, 48

assistance 84, 48

assistant 173, 47

astronaut 66, 47

at 150, 188, 46

atmosphere 67, 55

(to) attach 94, 177, 58

attack (of illness) 83, 46

attention 132, 30

(to) attempt 96, 22

attractive 81, 30

August 148, 35

aunt 77, 45

aunt: uncle, aunt 77, 46

automobile 163, 24

autumn (two symbols)
149, 25

awake 83, 29

away 153, 189, 59

B
baby 75, 32
baby sitter 173, 47
back (body part) 79, 57
back (backward) 152, 23
back and forth 152, 22
backward 152, 23
backyard: see yard
bad (emotionally) 108, 19
bad (morally) 104, 33

badge 112, 35

badminton 181, 52

bag 112, 35

baggage 112, 166, 35

ball 180, 32

balloon 180, 25

band (musical) 162, 50

bandage 85, 19

bank 169, 20

barn 121, 166, 184, 27

base 143, 151, 43

baseball 181, 52

basin 86, 125, 17

basketball 181, 52

bat 180, 58

bath 86, 125, 17

(to) bathe 86, 17

bathing suit 111, 20

bathroom 86, 122, 41

(to) be 88, 102, 32

beach 67, 184, 17

beard 80, 58

beautiful 81, 30

because 188, 43

(to) become 88, 22

bed 124, 48

bedroom 122, 41

before 145, 151, 188, 44

(to) begin 97, 152, 23

beginning 152, 23

behaviour 88, 52

behind 145, 151, 188, 58

being 73, 26

belief 109, 172, 18

believe: to make believe
160, 27

bell 162, 39

belongs to 190, 193, 49

below 151, 189, 44

belt 111, 58

bench 124, 4]

berry 72, 115, 29

best 108, 50

better 108, 5]

between 150, 58

beverage 114, 16

beyond 151, 189, 38

bib 111, 119, 45

bicycle 163, 178, 60

big 141, 48

bird 73, 36

birth 83, 88, 45

birthday 174, 26

biscuit 115, 32

bit 142, 44

(to) bite 113, 51

bitter (taste) 116, 134, 3]

black (two symbols)
1530)

blackboard 158, 171, 38

blanket 124, 19

blind 84, 132, 31

Blissymbol 157, 55

Blissymbol part 157, 56

Blissymbolics Resource
Centre 120, 172, 20

block 144, 180, 39

blood 81, 16

blouse 110, 20

(to) blow 70, 23

blue (two symbols) 135,
30, 31

board 123, 42

boat 164, 184, 35

body 78, 36

bone 81, 44

bottom 151, 38

bottom (body part) 79, 57

bowel movement 82, 40

bowl 118, 35

bowling 182, 52

box 144, 38

boxing 182, 52

boy 76, 28

brace 85, 48

brain 81, 33

branch 72, 44

bread 115, 36

(to) break 94, 57

breakable 94, 57

breakfast 117, 50

breast(s) 78, 36

breath 83, 55

(to) breathe 83, 55

bridge 69, 165, 34

bright (light) 132, 50

bright (smart) 103, 33

(to) bring 99, 165, 24

broken 94, 57

broom 127, 42

brother 77, 46

brown (two symbols)
135, 30

brush 127, 161, 42

building 119, 20

bun 115, 36

bureau 124, 38

(to) burp 82, 23

(to) bury 89, 56

bus 164, 24

business 169, 27

but 187, 49

butter 114, 32

butterfly 73, 36

buttocks 79, 57
button 111, 32

(to) buy 91, 169, 27
by 188, 46

G

cabin 120, 183, 20

cage 74, 38

cake 115, 36

(to) calculate 101, 139, 34

calculator 101, 127,
139, 24

(to) call 157, 28

camera 176, 25

camp 183, 21

campfire 118, 184, 16

can 92, 44

can (noun) 144, 28

(to) cancel 95, 57

candy 113, 31

cane 85, 58

cap 111, 45

capability 92, 43

car 163, 24

car: see motor car

cards: playing cards
180, 40

care: to take care of
91, 45

carousel 178, 34

carpet 124, 19

cast 85, 38

cast 85, 38

castle 120, 160, 185, 120

(to) catch 90, 183, 54

cause 93, 43

(to) cause 93, 43

cause: (to) be caused by
93, 43

cause: (to) cause pain
93, 43

cave 68, 160, 35

ceiling 123, 41

cent 168, 58

centre 151, 38

centre: Resource Centre

ZO M7220

centre: Blissymbolics
Resource Centre
120, 172, 20

centre: shopping centre
122, 185, 50

century 148, 60

cereal 72, 115, 37

certain 100, 54

chair 123, 41

195

chair: rocking chair 123, 41

(to) change 88, 16

chart: symbol chart 157, 40

cheap 169, 54

cheek 80, 25

cheese 115, 37

chemical product 128, 40

chest 78, 36

chest: chest of drawers
124, 38

chesterfield 124, 42

(to) chew 113, 50

child 75, 27

child (offspring) 77, 45

chimney 121, 21

chin 80, 25

choir 162, 50

(to) choose 104, 32

(to) chop 95, 117, 51

chorus (group) 162, 50

Christ: Jesus Christ 173, 53

Christian 172, 175, 49

Christmas 174, 26

church 120, 172, 20

circle 143, 30

(to) circle 97, 34

(to) circulate 97, 34

citizen 170, 53

city 69, 50

class 171, 50

classroom 122, 41

clean 86, 98, 54

(to) clean 86, 98, 55

clear 132, 30

clerk 169, 47

clever 103, 33

(to) climb 96, 53

clock 125, 137, 149, 26

close 150, 59

(to) close 98, 38

closet 123, 124, 38

cloth 110, 19

clothes 110, 19

clothing 110, 19

cloud 69, 16

coat 110, 20

coffee 114, 16

coin 168, 32

cold 70, 54

the collective 193, 49

colour 135, 30

coloured pencil 161,
180, 58

comb 86, 42

(to) comb 86, 42

(to) combine 94, 29

combine indicator 192, 27

196

(to) come 152, 22

(to) come: to come back
153957

comet 66, 34

(to) comfort 109, 22

comfortable 109, 19

comma 193, 60

command 192, 60

(to) communicate 155, 21

to) compel 102, 33

to) compete 182, 22

competition 182, 22

composer (of music)
162, 47

computer 101, 127, 24

(to) conceal 90, 43

concerning 188, 46

concert hall 120, 162, 20

concrete 128, 40

conditional indicator
192, 59

conditional indicator:
future conditional
indicator 192, 37

conditional indicator:
past conditional
indicator 192, 59

conductor (of music)
162, 47

cone 144, 35

(to) connect 94, 29

conscience 104, 33

considerate 103, 34

(to) console 109, 22

container 118, 35

contentment 102, 33

contest 182, 22

(to) continue 97, 23

(to) contrast 102, 29

conversation 155, 28

(to) cook 93, 117, 176, 42

cookie 115, 32

copy 158, 58

(to) copy 94, 158, 58

cord: electric cord 130, 58

corner 123, 41

correct 103, 34

cosmonaut 66, 47

cost 169, 27

cottage 120, 183, 20

couch 124, 42

(to) cough 84, 28

counsellor 173, 47

(to) count 104, 137, 20

counter purpose 188, 46

country (countryside)
68, 184, 37

country (nation) 170, 39

countryside 68, 184, 37

couple 77, 51

couple: married couple
77, 46

court (sports) 181, 56

cousin 77, 46

craft 112, 176, 43

crane 164, 24

(to) crawl 97, 54

crayon 161, 180, 58

cream 115, 16

(to create) 93, 51

creation 67, 51

creature 73, 26

(to) crochet 93, 112,
WF, 2

croquet 182, 52

cross 172, 49

(to) cross out 95, 57

crotch 78, 36

cruel 108, 18

(to) crush 95, 22

crust 144, 38

crutches 85, 39

(to) cry 107, 30

crystal 69, 129

cup 118, 36

cupboard 123, 124, 38

current 146, 37

current: current events
172, 32

curtain 124, 37

curve 143, 34

curved line 143, 34

(to) cut 95, 117, 167, 51

cutlery 118, 28
see also: knife,
fork, spoon

cylinder 144, 28

D
daddy 76, 46
(to) dance 96, 53
danger 166, 5]
dark 132, 53
date (social) 88, 183, 22
daughter 77, 45
day 147, 25
day: day of rest 174, 25
dead 89, 26
deaf 84, 132, 21
dear 106, 159, 18
death 89, 26
decade 148, 60
December 148, 35
(to) decide 101, 22

(to) decrease 91, 141, 48

deed 96, 51

deep 141, 58

(to) delete 95, 57

dentist 171, 47

departure 152, 57

(to) describe 102,
156, 28

description (evaluation)
indicator 191, 55

description (evaluation)
after the fact indicator
191, 55

description (evaluation)
before the fact
indicator 191, 43

design 100, 33

(to) desire 108, 17

desk 123, 42

dessert 117, 3]

(to) destroy 95, 57

(to) develop 88, 16

(to) die 89, 26

different 136, 56

difficult 105, 23

(to) dig 98, 167, 37

digestion 82, 113, 3]

dining room 122, 41

dinner 117, 50

(to) direct 101, 170, 22

direction 151, 28

directions 158, 40

dirty 86, 50

disc 144, 32

(to) discover 90, 104, 30

discussion 155, 28

dish 118, 56

display: symbol display
157, 40

distant 150, 59

(to) divide 95, 105, 138, 44

division 138, 44

divorce 89, 32

(to) do 92, 96, 52

doctor 171, 47

doll 180, 27

dollar 168, 58

door 121, 123, 41]

dot 143, 43

(to) doubt 100, 34

down 152, 189, 23

(to) draw 161, 58

drawer 124, 44

drawer: chest of
drawers 124, 38

(to) dream 102, 33

dress 110, 20

(to) dress 110, 19
drink 114, 16
(to) drink 114, 16
drink: alcoholic drink
116, 46
drink: soft drink 114, 16
(drinking) glass 118, 42
(to) drive (a car) 99,
165, 24
(to) dry 93, 43
dry 70, 53
dumb 103, 54
dumptruck 164, 24
duplicate 158, 58
(to) duplicate 194,
158, 58
during 144, 188, 27
dust 68, 43
dwelling 119, 20

E

each 139, 60

ear 80, 132, 12]

early 145, 44

earth 66, 55

earth (as planet) 66, 26

east 153, 27

Easter 174, 25

easy 105, 53

(to) eat 113, 317

edge 151, 42

effect 93, 42

egg 73, 115, 44

either 187, 44

elbow 79, 57

electric cord 130, 58

electric light 125, 25

electric wire 130, 58

electricity 130, 54

electromagnetic
radiation 130, 54

elevator 121, 41

(to) embrace 89, 57

emotion 106, 17

emotion: (emotional) loss
107, 18

employment 92, 96,
168, 52

empty 137, 54

enclosure 122, 143, 38

end 152, 23

(to) end 99, 152, 23

energy 130, 25

engaged 89, 44

(to) enjoy 106, 17

enough 140, 142, 57

(to) enter 97, 152, 23

envious 109, 17

environment 67, 17

equal 136, 56

(to) equal 138, 56

eternal life 173, 26

evaluation 92, 191, 55

evaluation indicator: see
description (evalua-
tion) indicator

evening 147, 36

event 92, 32

event: current
events 172, 32

ever 144, 59

example 139, 60

except 187, 49

(to) exchange 90, 155, 217

excited 110, 19

exclamation mark: see
command and
intensity

(to) execuse 101, 22

(to) exercise 92, 96,
183, 52

(to) exist 88, 32

expensive 169, 50

(to) explain 104, 156, 29

eye 80, 132, 30

eyebrow 80, 31

(eye) glasses 85, 132, 29

eyelid 80, 31

F

fabric 110, 19

face 80, 25

fact 100, 29

factory 121, 167, 20

fall (season) (two symbols)
149, 25

{to) fall 97, 23

amily 76, 45

far 150, 59

farm 166, 184, 37

farmer 166, 47

fast 97, 49

(to) fasten 94, 177, 58

fastener 111, 39

fat 141, 58

father 76, 47

favourite 104, 32

(to fear) 107, 18

February 148, 34

(to) feel 106, 17

(to) feel: (to) feel pain

feeling 106, 17
few 140, 142, 54

Cc

field (sports) 181, 56

field hockey 182, 52

(to) fight 98, 54

(to) fill 94, 35

film 176, 28

finally 146, 27

(to) find 90, 104, 30

finger 79, 55

(to) finish 92, 52

fire 67, 16

fire: bonfire 118,
184, 16

fire: campfire 118,
84, 16

firefighter 173, 47

fireplace 123, 16

fire truck 164, 24

first 137, 146, 60

fish 73, 115, 166, 33

fishing 166, 184, 23

(to) fix 94, 42

flag 170, 39

flame 67, 44

flat 143, 56

flavouring 116, 49

(to) float 97, 179, 17

floor 123, 41

floor covering 124, 4]

flour 115, 43

flower 72, 176, 28

(to) fly 98, 36

fog 69, 17

(to) fold 94, 36

(to) follow 101, 53

food 113, 31

food: frozen food 113, 31

food spread: spread
(food) 114, 32

foot 80, 53

football 182, 52

for (in exchange for)
188, 45

for (for the purpose of)
188, 46

(to) force 102, 33

force: (to) be forced to
102, 33

forest 167, 50

(to) forget 104, 22

(to) forgive 104, 22

fork 118, 42

form 143, 30

forward 151, 22

fragile 94, 57

free 109, 19

freedom 109, 19

(to) freeze 70, 117, 17

fresh (taste) 116, 134, 31

Friday 147, 26

Friday: Good Friday
174, 25

friend 78, 47

frightened 107, 18

from 153, 189, 59

front: in front of 145,
188, 44

frozen food 113, 31

fruit 72, 115, 32

fruit juice 114, 16

frustration 107, 17

fuel 129, 130, 167, 38

full 137, 35

funny 106, 18

furnace 118, 125, 16

furniture 123, 28

future 145, 37

future action indicator
192, 37

future conditional
indicator 192, 37

G
(to) gain: 105, 138, 49
gallery: art gallery
120, 161, 185, 20
game 175, 180, 182, 22

game: table game 180, 52

garage 121, 2]

garbage 129, 35

garden 73, 176, 27

gas 67, 2]

gasoline 129, 16

(to) gather 91, 27

gathering 174, 183, 21

general 187, 59

generalization 106, 157
193, 28

genitals 79, 57

(to) get 90, 23

ghost 161, 147

gift 175, 39

girl 76, 28

(to) give 90, 22

glass 128, 39

glass: (drinking glass)
118, 42

glasses: (eye) glasses
85, 132, 29

glassware 118, 28

glove 111, 45

glue 128, 177, 40

(to) glue 94, 40

(to) go ((to) walk) 96, 53

(to)go ((to) leave) 96,

153aNo7

goal 181, 32
God 172, 51
golf 182, 52
gone: all gone 139, 38

good (emotionally) 108, 18

good (morally) 104, 33
Good Friday 174, 25
good: good to eat 116,
134, 3]
goodbye 156, 28
good: best 108, 50
good: better 108, 51]
goods 167, 35
good-looking 81, 30
(to) govern 101, 170, 22
government 170, 50
grain 72, 115, 37
grandfather 77, 45
grandma 77, 45
grandmother 77, 45
grandpa 77, 45
grandparent 77, 45
grass 72, 37
green (two symbols)
US), cle), i
ground 66, 55
group 140, 50
group of 193, 49
group: musical group
161, 50
grove 68, 50

(to) grow 88, 166, 176, 28

grown-up 75, 27

(to) guess 102, 34
guest 78, 47

(to) guide 101, 170, 22
guilt 102, 34

gun 127, 24

gym 122, 4]

gym mat 181, 47

H

hail 70, 16
hair 80, 58
Hallowe'en 174, 26
hamburger 113, 36
hammer 126, 177, 49
hand 79, 134, 54
handbag 112, 35
handicap 84, 44
handicapped: mentally
handicapped 84, 58
handicapped: physically
handicaped 84, 58
handle 126, 39
handmade product 112,
177, 43

handsome 81, 30

(to) hang 98, 55

hanger 126, 177, 55

(to) happen 92, 32

happening 93, 32

happy 106, 17

hard 134, 54

hard (difficult) 105, 23

harmony 109, 18

harvest 166, 517

hat 111, 45

(to) hate 108, 53

(to) have 90, 49

he 74, 53

head 80, 25

health 82, 42

healthy 82, 42

(to) hear 132, 21

hearing aid 85, 133, 48

heart 81, 17

heavy 142, 5]

heel 80, 53

hello 156, 28

help 84, 48

help: with (the help of)
189, 49

(to) help 91, 48

helper 173, 47

her 74, 51

her (possessive) 190, 51

here 150, 46

hers 190, 51

herself 74, 51

(to) hide 90, 43

high 141, 56

hill 68, 43

him 74, 53

himself 74, 53

hip 80, 53

his 190, 53

(to) hit 98, 183, 54

hobby 175, 52

hockey: field hockey
182, 52

hockey: ice hockey
182, 52

(to) hold 90, 35

hole 68, 35

holiday 174, 25

home 119, 20

home run 181, 60

honey 114, 32

hook 126, 177, 55

(to) hook 98, 55

(to) hop 96, 60

(to) hope 107, 18

horn (musical) 162, 35

197

hospital 120, 171, 20

hot (temperature) 70, 46

hot (taste) 116, 134, 3]

hot dog 113, 36

hotel 120, 20

hour 146, 26

house 119, 20

how? 190, 60

how: how many? 140,
142, 60

how: how much? 140,
142, 60

(to) hug 89, 57

human being 74, 46

humorous 106, 18

hungry 113, 18

Geyhon (feel pain) 83, 43

(to) hurt (injure) 83, 18

husband 76, 46

hut 120, 184, 20

|

| 74, 48

ice 70, 17

ice cream 113, 31

ice hockey 182, 52

ice skates 179, 181, 37

idea 100, 23

if 188, 59

ill 83, 46

important 103, 34

(to) improve 93, 43

in 151, 189, 38

inaccurate 103, 34

incorrect 103, 34

(to) increase 88, 91,
141, 48

indicators: action
indicator 191, 51

indicators: active
indicator 192, 54

indicators: combine
indicator 192, 27

indicators: conditional
indicator 192, 59

indicators: description
(evaluation) indicator
191, 55

indicators: description
(evaluation) after the
fact indicator 191, 55

indicators: description
(evaluation) before
the fact indicator
191), 43

indicators: future action
indicator 192, 37

198

indicators: future condi-
tional indicator 192, 37
indicators: passive
indicator 192, 55
indicators: past action
indicator 192, 36
indicators: past condi-
tional indicator 192, 59
indicators: plural
indicator 192, 49
indicators: thing
indicator 192, 38
indigo 135, 31
individual 74, 46
inexpensive 169, 54
infant 75, 32
inferior 151, 189, 44
infinite 144, 56
(to) injure 83, 93, 43
insect 73, 52
inside 151, 188, 38
institution: residential
institution 120, 20
instructions 158, 40
instrument 126, 177, 39
instrument: musical
instrument 162, 139
intelligent 103, 33
intensity 192, 60
interesting 103, 34
international 170, 39
into 153, 189, 23
(to) invent 94, 100, 33
iron 125, 127,35
island 67, 184, 16
it 75, 58
its 190, 59

J

jacket 110, 20

jail 121, 20

jam 114, 32

January 148, 34
jealous 109, 18

jelly 114, 32

Jesus Christ 173, 53
jet plane 164, 24
Jewish 173, 51

(to) join 94, 177, 58
joint 81, 44

(to) joke 106, 156, 29
journey 165, 24

July 148, 34

juice: fruit juice 114, 16
(to) jump 98, 34
June 148, 34

just 139, 32

K

(to) keep 90, 35

key 127, 37

(to) kick 96, 183, 53

kind 109, 18

kind (type) 101, 33

king 160, 170, 53

(to) kiss 89, 29

kitchen 122, 4]

kite 180, 37

knee 80, 54

(to) kneel 99, 54

knife 118, 517

(to) knit 93, 112,
177, 42

(to) know 103, 33

knowledge 103, 33

L

ladder 126, 56

lake 67, 165, 184, 49
lamp 125, 25

language 155, 21

large 82, 141, 48

last 138, 146, 54

last: at last 146, 27

late 145, 58

(to) laugh 106, 18

(to) lead 101, 170, 22
leaf 72, 37

leafy vegetable 115, 36
(to) learn 90, 104, 171, 23
least 140, 142, 54

(to) leave 96, 153, 57
left 153, 57

leg 80, 53

legs and feet 80, 53

(to) lend 90, 169, 22

less 140, 142, 54

(to) let 101, 22

let's 101, 60

letter 159, 38

letters 155, 60

liberty 109, 19

library (building) 120, 20
library (room) 122, 185, 41
(to) lie down 99, 56

life 88, 26

life: eternal life 173, 26
(to) lift 98, 27

light 67, 25

light: electric light 125, 25
lighting 70, 54

like 136, 59

(to) like 108, 18

limits 137, 141, 150, 58

limited time 144, 27

line 143, 57

linear 143, 57

linear thing 143, 57

linoleum 124, 41

lips 81, 32

liquid 67, 114, 16

list 158, 40

(to) listen 132, 217

little (small) 82, 141, 48

little (few) 140, 142, 54

(to) live 88, 26

location 150, 56

lonely 107, 19

long 142, 48

(to) look 132, 30

(to) lose 90, 53

loss: (emotional) loss
107, 18

loud 133, 27

lounge 122, 41

(to) love 108, 19

low, 141, 56

lucky 107, 18

luggage 112, 166, 36

lumber 128, 167, 39

lunch 117, 50

M

machine 127, 24

machine: sewing machine
27 pala

mad 108, 49

magazine 159, 175, 38

mailbox 121, 38

(to) make 93, 112, 167
176, 42

(to) make: (to) make
cloth 93, 112, 177, 42

(to) make believe 160, 27

make-believe 160, 27

mall 122, 50

man 75, 53

many 140, 142, 49

many: how many?
140, 142, 60

many: too many 140,
142, 45

map 66, 159, 40

March 148, 34

mark 85, 30

marmalade 114, 32

married couple 77, 46

(to) marry 89, 32

mat (gym) 181, 47

material 128, 167, 39

mathematics 101, 138, 34

May 148, 34

maybe 106, 32

me 74, 48

meal 117, 50

mean 108, 18

(to) mean 100, 29

meaning 100, 29

(to) measure 104,
136, 48

measuring stick 126
136, 178, 48

meat 113, 37

medical 85, 171, 16

medicine 85, 129,
171, 40

(to) meet 97, 22

melody 162, 33

menstruation 83, 16

mentally handicapped
84, 103, 58

merry-go-round 178, 34

metal 128, 168, 39

metaphor 159, 193, 27

method 100, 33

middle 151, 38

milk 114, 16

milkshake 114, 16

mind 100, 33

mine (noun) 69, 43

mine 69, 167, 190, 48

minister 172, 47

minus 138, 189, 193, 56

minute 146, 27

mirror 124, 23

(to) miss 107, 18

mistake 103, 53

mitt (sports) 181, 45

mitt 111, 45

mitten 111, 45

(to) mix 97, 117, 33

mommy 76, 46

Monday 147, 26

money 168, 27

monster 161, 26

month 148, 34

moon 66, 34

more 140, 142, 50

morning 147, 26

mortal 89, 26

most 140, 142, 50

motel 120, 20

moth 73, 36

mother 76, 46

motor car 163, 24

mountain 68, 43

mouth 81, 139, 28

(to) move 99, 165, 24

movement: bowel
movement 82, 40
much 140, 142, 49
much: how much? 140,
142, 60
much: too much 140,
142, 45
mud 68, 17
mug 118, 37
multiplication 138, 49
(to) multiply 105,
138, 49
multitude 139, 49
mummy 76, 46
muscle 79, 36
museum 120, 185, 20
music 161, 2]
music: musical
group 162, 50
music: music note
161, 33
music: musical instrument
162, 39
musician 162, 47
must 102, 33
my 190, 48
myself 74, 48

N

nail 126, 177, 48

name 158, 32

napkin 119, 19

narrow 141, 54

nature 66, 5]

near 150, 59

nearly 150, 59

necessary 91, 48

neck 78, 36

(to) need 91, 48

needle: (sewing) needle
WPS UPR, Une, SY

neighbour 78, 47

neither 187, 56

nephew 77, 46

nephew/niece 77, 45

never 145, 53

new 146, 22

New Year's Day 174, 26

news 159, 2]

newspaper 159, 40

next 138, 146, 60

nice 108, 18

niece 77, 45

niece: see also
nephew/ niece 77, 45

night 147, 34

nightgown 110, 19

no 157, 56

noisy 133, 21

none 139, 54

nonsense 100, 29

nonsense! 100, 29

non-speaking 84, 157, 32

non-vocal 84, 157, 32

nor 187, 56

north 153, 27

nose 81, 133, 55

not 187, 56

note: musical note
161, 33

nothing 139, 54

November 148, 35

now 145, 36

number 137, 20

nurse 171, 47

nut 115, 44

O
(to) obey 92, 101, 53
(to) observe 102, 29
(to) occur 93, 32
ocean 67, 165, 184, 50
o'clock 146, 26
October 148, 35
odour 133, 55
of 188, 46
of 188, 46
of 190, 49
off 153, 189, 59
(to) offer 90, 22
office 122, 168, 41
officer: police officer
Mio 47,
offspring 77, 45
often 146, 50
oil 67, 16
old (not new) 146, 53
old (not young) 89, 53
on 50, 189, 57
once 146, 60
only 139, 32
open 143, 41
(to) open 98, 41
opinion 100, 105, 155, 29
opposed (to) 188, 46
opposite meaning 136,
192noe
opposition 188, 46
or 187, 44
orange (two symbols)
135, 30, 31
orchard 68, 73, 50
orchestra 162, 50
(to) organize 100, 33

other 75, 58

our 190, 48

ours 190, 48
ourselves 74, 48
out 151, 189, 38

out (of) 153, 189, 23
outing 183, 53
outside 151, 189, 38
over 151, 189, 44
overall 111, 117, 45
(to) own 90, 49

p

package 159, 4]

page 158, 40

pail 180, 36

pain 83

pain: (to) feel pain 83, 18

pain: (to) cause pain
83, 93, 43

paint 129, 161, 180, 40

(to) paint 94, 161, 40

pair 140, 60

pan 118, 42

pants 110, 20

paper 158, 40

parcel 159, 4]

“pardon?” 156, 59

parent 76, 45

park 73, 184, 27

part 142, 44

part (of) 193, 44

party 175, 21

passive indicator 192, 55

past (time) 145, 36

past 151, 189, 38

past action indicator
192, 36

past conditional
indicator 192, 59

pastime 175, 53

patience 107, 44

(to) pay 91, 169, 22

peace 170, 54

peace (of mind) 109, 19

peanut butter 114, 32

pen 158, 161, 57

pencil 158, 161, 57

pencil: coloured pencil
161, 180, 58

pepper 116, 49

peppery 116, 134, 31

pertume 133, 55

perhaps 106, 32

period 143, 43

period (menstrual): see
menstruation

period (of time) 144, 27

(to) permit 101, 22

person 74, 46

pet 73, 52

phrase 155, 50

physically handicapped

7

physician 171, 47

picnic 117, 3]

picture 124, 30

pie 113, 31

piece 142, 44

pill 85, 32

pillow 124, 48

pillowcase 124, 19

pin 127, 177, 48

ping pong 182, 52

pink (two symbols) 135, 30

pipe 126, 33

place 150, 56

plan 100, 33

plane: airplane 164, 24

plane: jet plane 164, 24

plant 72, 176, 27

plastic 129, 40

plate 118, 56

(to play 92, 96, 178, 52

(playing) cards 180, 40

plaza 122, 185, 50

please 156, 60

pliers 126, 178, 36

plough 126, 166, 51

plural indicator 192, 49

plus 138, 187, 49

pocket 111, 35

poem 159, 40

poetry 159, 27

(to) point 158, 55

point of view 100, 33

the pointer 150, 193, 59

poison 129, 40

police officer 173, 47

pollution 67, 129, 40

pool 179, 17

pool: swimming pool
179, 17

pool: wading pool 179, 17

poor 169, 56

pop: soda pop 114, 16

position 150, 46

(to) possess 90, 49

the possessive: see

belongs to

possible 106, 32

postage: (postage) stamp
159, 39

postcard 159, 38

post office 120, 20
pot 118, 42
powder 68, 43
power 130, 52
(to) practise 92, 96,
183, 52
(to) pray 156, 172, 28
prayer 172, 28
pregnant 88, 44
(to) prepare 92, 53
prepared 92, 53
present 145, 36
present (gift) 175, 39
(to) pretend 160, 27
pretty 81, 30
price 169, 27
priest 172, 47
prince 160, 28
princess 160, 28
prison 121, 20
probable 100, 34
problem 105, 139, 156, 42
product: chemical
product 128, 40
product: handmade
product 177, 43
(to) promise 156, 29
proposal 105, 155, 29
(to) protect 91, 45
protected 107, 45
protection 119, 45
(to) protest 156, 29
proud 108, 18
province 170, 44
(the) public 170, 50
public (adj.) 170, 50
(to) pull 98, 23
pupil 171, 47
puppet 180, 27
(to) purchase 91, 27
purple 135, 30
purpose 188, 46
purpose: counter
purpose 188, 46
purse 112, 35
(to) push 98, 23
(to) put 98, 56
pyjamas 110, 19
pyramid 144, 43

Q
queen 160, 170, 5]
question 105, 156, 192, 42
(to) question 105, 156, 42
quick 97, 49
quiet 133, 56

199

(to) race 182, 22

racquet 181, 27

radiation: electro-
magnetic radiation
129, 54

radio 125, 162, 176, 38

rain 70, 16

(to) rain 69, 16

raincoat 110, 19

rainy 70, 16

(to) raise 98, 21]

rake 126, 42

(to) read 175, 30

ready 92, 53

real 88, 32

(to) reason 100, 33

recent 146, 36

(to) receive 90, 23

recipe 117, 158, 176, 40

record 125, 163, 176, 25

record player 125, 127,
163, 176, 24

recorder: tape recorder
127, 163, 176, 24

rectangle 143, 30

red (two symbols) 135, 30

refrigerator 118, 125, 38

(to) regret 107, 18

regulation 158, 183, 40

relation 149, 188, 46

relative 76, 45

the relativiser 189, 60

religion 172, 18

(to) remember 104, 53

(to) remove 98, 105,
138, 55

(to) repair 94, 42

(to) repeat 94, 58

repetition 158, 58

reply 105, 156, 38

report 159, 160, 175, 40

(to) reproduce 94, 58

(to) request 156, 42

(to) resent 109, 18

resident 78, 47

residential institution
120, 20

Resource Centre 120,
172, 20

respect 108, 18

(to) rest 99, 109, 19

restaurant 122, 185, 4]

return 153, 57

(to) return 153, 57

rhyme 159, 193, 59

rice 115, 37

200

rich 169, 50

rich (taste) 116, 134, 31
(to) ride 97, 165, 23
right (direction) 153, 57
right rrerclkn 104, 33
right (rationally) 103, 34
ring 112, 25

river 67, 165, 16

rock 68, 43

(to) rock 98, 35

rocket 66, 164, 40
rocking chair 123, 4]
roll 115, 36

roller skates 178, 181, 24
roof 119, 45

room 122, 4]

roots 72, 37

(to) rotate 97

royal 160, 170, 42

(to) rub 98, 54

rubbish 129, 35

rug 124, 19

rule 158, 183, 40

(to) rule 101, 170, 22
ruler 126, 136, 178, 48
(to) run 96, 183, 53

S

Sabbath 174, 25

sack 112, 35

sad 107, 17

safe 107, 18

sail 164, 184, 54
sailboat 164, 184, 35
salt 116, 39

salty (taste) 116, 134, 31
same 136, 56

sample 139, 60

sand 68, 179, 43
sandbox 179, 42
sandwich 113, 32
satisfaction 102, 33
Saturday 147, 26

(to) save 90, 35

saw 126, 177, 43

(to) say 157, 28

scales 127, 137, 142, 24
scared 107, 18
schedule 158, 40

school 120, 171, 20
science 101, 34

Scissors 2; 127017732
score 182, 20

(to) scream 157, 29
screw 126, 177, 57
screwdriver 126, 178, 39
sea 67, 165, 184, 50

(to) search 132, 29

seasoning 116, 49

seat 123, 4]

second (time) 146, 27

second 138, 60

secret 157, 29

secretary 168, 47

(to) see 132, 30

seed 72, 44

(to) seem 102, 29

(to) select 104, 32

self 75, 60

self-control 101, 22

selfish 103, 34

(to) sell 91, 169, 39

(to) send 91, 99, 165, 24

sentence 155, 50

September 148, 35

serviette 119, 19

several 140, 46

(to) sew 94, 112, 177, 37

sewing machine 112, 127,
177, 24

(sewing) needle 112, 127,
WT R37

sex 83, 28

(to) shake 98, 2]

shallow 141, 59

shame 107, 18

shape 143, 30

(to) share 90, 49

sharp 134, 51

sharp (taste) 116, 134, 37

(to) shave 86, 5]

she 74, 5]

sheet 124, 19

shelf 124, 4]

shell 144, 38

ship 164, 184, 35

shirt 110, 20

shoes 111, 45

shop 122, 185, 41

shopping centre 122,
185, 50

shore 67, 184, 17

short 142, 48

shoulder 78, 36

(to) shout 157, 29

(to) shove 98, 23

shovel 126, 37

(to) show 102, 43

shower 86, 122, 16

show place 120, 162,
185, 20

(to) shut 98, 38

sibling 77, 46

sick 83, 46

side 151, 38

side (body part) 78, 36

sieve 118, 23

sign 160, 55

signature 158, 58

signature stamp 158, 39

significant 103, 34

silence 132, 56

silent 132, 56

similar 136, 59

similar sound 193, 59

sin 104, 173, 33

(to) sing 162, 28

singer 162, 47

sink 86, 125, 17

sinner 173, 47

sister 77, 45

(to) sit 99, 57

sitting room 122, 41

skates: ice skates 179,
181, 37

skates: roller skates 178,
181, 24

skeleton 81, 44

(to) sketch 161, 58

skis 179, 181, 60

skin 81, 45

sky 66, 165, 55

sled 179, 181, 37

(to) sleep 83, 29

slide 179, 39

small 82, 141, 48

smart 103, 33

(to) smash 94, 57

smell 133, 55

(to) smell 133, 55

(to) smile 106, 17

smock 111, 117, 45

(to) smoke 92, 16

smooth 134, 54

snack 117, 50

snail 73, 36

snake 73, 35

(to) sneeze 84, 55

snow 70, 17

snowman 179, 53

snowshoe 179, 181, 36

snowstorm 70, 50

snowsuit 110, 19

soap 86, 39

soccer 182, 52

socks 110, 20

soda pop 114, 16

sofa 124, 42

soft 134, 54

soft drink 114, 16

soiled 85, 50

soldier 170, 47

solid thing 143, 39

solitary 139, 32

(to) solve 105, 139, 156, 38

some 139, 44

son77, 46

song 162, 28

soon 146, 37

sorry 107, 18

sort 101, 33

sound 132, 2]

sounds like: see
smilar sound

soup 116, 17

sour (taste) 116, 134, 31]

south 153, 27

space 143, 56

spade 126, 37

(to) speak 157, 28

(to) speak: non-speaking
84, 157, 32

special 175, 18

specific 187, 59

spider 73, 29

(to) spit 83, 29

(to) splash 97, 179, 54

spoon 118, 28

sport 181, 52

sport stick 181, 57

spot 85, 30

spouse 76, 45

spread (food) 114, 32

(to) spread (food) 114, 32

spring (two symbols)

square 143, 30

stairs 121, 56

stamp: (postage) stamp

stamp: signature stamp
158, 39

(to) stand 99, 57

star 66, 5]

(to) start 97, 152, 23

state (country) 170, 39

state (province) 170, 44

(to) stay 99, 56

steam 67, 16

steel 128, 40

stem 72, 28

stepfather 76, 45

stepmother 76, 45

steps 121, 56

stereo 125, 127, 163, 24

stick 72, 58

stick: sport stick 181, 57

(to) stick 94, 177, 40

stockings 110, 20

stomach 78, 37

stone 68, 43

stone (building material)
128, 40

(to) stop 99, 152, 23

store 122, 185, 4]

storm 70, 49

story 159, 160, 175, 40

stove 118, 125, 16

straight 143, 57

strange 107, 19

stranger 78, 47

strap 111, 58

street 69, 121, 165, 21

string 111, 58

strong 82, 4]

structure 143, 44

student 171, 47

stupid 103, 54

(to) subtract 105, 138, 55

subtraction 138, 55

success 168, 22

suddenly 145, 27

sugar 116, 49

suggestion 105, 155, 29

suit: bathing suit 111, 20

suit: snowsuit 110, 19

suit: swimsuit 111, 20

summer (two symbols)
149, 25

sun 66, 25

Sunday 147, 26

superior 151, 189, 44

supper 117, 50

support 84, 48

(to) support 91, 48

(to) support (financially)
91, 168, 48

sure 100, 54

(to) surprise 110, 19

(to) swallow 114, 23

sweater 110, 20

sweet (taste) 116, 134, 31

(a) sweet (food) 113, 31

(to) swim 97, 179, 23

swimsuit 111, 20

swimming pool 179, 17

swing 178, 35

(to) swing 97, 35

switch 126, 39

(to) switch on 99, 39

sword 118, 5]

symbol: see Blissymbol

symbol chart 157, 40

symbol display 157, 40

.

symbol part: see
Blissymbol part
system 100, 33

T

table 123, 42

tablecloth 119, 124, 19

table game 180, 52

tablet 85, 32

take: (to) take away
98, 105, 138, 55

tale 159, 160, 175, 40

(to) talk 157, 28

tape recorder 127, 163,
176, 24

taste 116, 133, 31

(to) taste 116, 133, 31]

tasty 116, 134, 31

taxi 163, 24

tea 114, 17

(to) teach 90, 104, 171, 22

teacher 171, 47

team 182, 50

(to) tease 108, 52

teenager 75, 27

teeth 81, 517

telephone 125, 21

television 125, 163,
176, 38

(to) tell 157, 28

temperature 136, 44

temple 120, 172, 20

tennis 182, 52

tent 120, 184, 20

term 158, 32

test 105, 42

thanks 156, 18

Thanksgiving 174, 25

that 187, 44

that (the relativiser)
189, 60

(to) thaw 70, 117, 17

the 187, 58

theatre 120, 162, 185, 20

their 190, 48

theirs 190, 48

them 74, 48

themselves 74, 48

then 145, 37

therapist 171, 48

there 150, 43

therefore 188, 43

thermometer 126, 136, 44

they 74, 48

thick 82, 141, 58

thin 82, 141, 58

thing 128, 191, 39

thing: solid thing 143, 39
thing: thing indicator
192, 38
(to) think 100, 33
thirsty 114, 18
this 187, 59
thoughtful 103, 34
through 189, 23
thumb 79, 54
thunder 70, 21
Thursday 147, 26
ticket 166, 40
time 137, 144, 26
time: limited time 144, 27
tired 82, 19
to 152, 189, 46
to: in order to 188, 46
to and fro 152, 22
tobacco 72, 37
today 147, 26
toe 80, 53
together 150, 58
toilet 125, 17
tomorrow 147, 26
tongue 81, 44
too: too many 140, 142, 45
too: too much 140, 142, 45
tool 126, 177, 39
tooth: see teeth
toothbrush 86, 42
toothpaste 129, 40
top 151, 38
(to) touch 98, 134, 54
towards 152, 189, 46
towel 124, 19
toy 179, 39
trade 169, 27
train 164, 50
(to) translate 105, 155, 34
transparent 132, 30
(to) transport 99, 165, 24
trash 129, 35
travel 165, 24
(to) travel 99, 165, 24
treat 175, 39
tree 72, 167, 37
triangle 143, 30
tricycle 163, 178, 60
trip 165, 24
trouble (emotional)
107, 18
trousers 110, 20
truck 164, 24
truck: dumptruck
164, 24
truck: fire truck 164, 24

trunk (body part) 78, 36
trunk (of tree) 72, 167, 37
truth 100, 172, 34

(to) try 96, 22

Tuesday 147, 26

(to) tug 98, 23

tune 162, 33

turn 149, 26

(to) turn 97, 34

(to) turn on 99, 39
type 101, 33
typewriter 127, 158, 24

U
(ugh!) 109, 19
ugly 81, 30
umbrella 112, 37
unattractive 81, 30
uncle 77, 45
uncle, aunt 77, 46
under 151, 189, 44
(to) understand 104, 22
underwear 110, 20
unemployment 168, 56
unhappy 107, 17
unless 188, 49
up 152, 189, 21
up and down 152, 189, 21]
upset 108, 17
urine 82, 40
us 74, 48
(to) use 92, 101, 33
usually 146, 51
utensil 118, 39

Vv

vacation 183, 56

valentine 174, 40

Valentine’s Day 174, 25

valley 68, 43

value 92, 191, 55

van 164, 24

vegetable (above ground)
T2 on o2

vegetable (below ground)
TDI ONOS

vegetable: leafy
vegetable 72, 115, 36

vehicle 163, 24

view: point of view
100, 33

vinegar 116, 49

violet 135, 31

(to) visit 97, 21

visitor 78, 47

volunteer 173, 47

(to) vomit 84, 23

Ww

wading pool 179, 17

wagon 163, 178, 24

waist 78, 36

(to) wait 99, 23

waiting room 122, 4]

(to) walk 96, 53

walker 85, 48

wall 123, 4]

(to) want 108, 17

war 170, 50

warm 70, 46

(to) wash 86, 17

waste 129, 40

watch 137, 149, 26

(to) watch 132, 29

water 67, 114, 16

we 74, 48

weak 82, 46

wealthy 169, 50

weather 69, 16

(to) weave 93, 112, 177, 42

Wednesday 147, 26

week 147, 60

weekend 147, 26

(to) weep 107, 30

(to) weigh 136, 142, 5]

weight 136, 142, 5]

(a) weight 136, 142, 5]

welcome: “you're
welcome” 157, 18

west 153, 27

wet 70, 16

what? 190, 59

what: what thing? 190, 59

wheel 163, 24

wheelchair 163, 24

when? (the relativiser)
189, 60

when? 145, 59

where (the relativiser)
189, 60

where? 150, 56

which (the relativiser)
189, 60

which? 190, 59

while 144, 188, 27

(to) whisper 157, 29

(to) whistle 162, 28

white (two symbols)
135, 30

who (the relativiser)
189, 60

who? 190, 59

whose? 190, 59

whose (the relativiser)
190, 60

201

why? 190, 59
wide 141, 58
wife 76, 47
(to) win 91, 182, 22
wind 70, 23
window 123, 38
wings 73, 36
winter (two symbols)
149, 25
(to) wipe 86, 98, 19
wire 126, 178, 58
wire: electric wire
130, 58
(to) wish 102, 16
with (the help of) 189, 49
with: along with 138, 49
without 138, 189, 193, 56
woman 75, 51
wood 128, 167, 39
woods 68, 167, 50
word 155, 45
work 92, 96, 168, 52
(to) work 92, 96, 168, 52
workbook 158, 171, 38
worker 168, 47
world 67, 55
worm 73, 35
worry 102, 33
(to) worry 102, 33
(wow!) 109, 19
wrist 79, 57
(to) write 94, 57
wrong (morally) 104, 33
wrong (rationally) 103, 34

Y

yard 121, 21

(to) yawn 83, 28

year 148, 25

(to) yell 157, 29

yellow (two symbols)
135, 30, 31

yes 157, 49

yesterday 147, 25

you 74, 48

you (plural) 74, 48

young 89, 27

your 190, 48

your (plural) 190, 48

yours 190, 48

yours (plural) 190, 48

yourself 74, 48

yourselves 74, 48

(yuk!) 109, 19

74,
zoo 74, 184, 27

202

In keeping with the Blissymbolics Communication Institute
agreement with C.K. Bliss the signal © indicates 1) a
symbol which differs from the C.K. Bliss version either in
symbol form or accompanying wording or 2) a new BCI
symbol authorized in the absence of requested comment
from C.K. Bliss.

An alphabetical word list of entries in Blissymbols for Use that
carry a © is given below. The list is divided into two

parts: symbols and wording. BCI symbols for colours and
seasons are not included in the list, since the C.K. Bliss
version of these symbols also appears in Blissymbols for Use.
Opposite many words in the list the source for the C.K. Bliss
version is given. References to C.K. Bliss, Semantography
(1965), and The Book to the Film ‘Mr. Symbol Man’ (1975) cite

Appendix |

the relevant page. References for symbols dealt with in
correspondence or personal consultation with Mr. Bliss cite
appropriate dates. In cases where no reference is listed, BCI
has not been able to ascertain Mr. Bliss’ reaction to the
symbol in question.

Upon written request BCI will, where possible, supply the
C.K. Bliss version of symbols or wording.

Note: Entries are given in the form they would have on
stamps, which is not necessarily identical to that given in
Blissymbols for Use. Since there is more space for entries in
this book than on stamps, additional synonyms may appear in
lighter type in the book entries which do not appear on
stamps and thus do not appear on the following list.

SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION
advice Consultation, October 1977 _| cage electromagnetic
(to) advise Consultation, June 1977 calculator Consultation, June 1977 radiation
aide, assistant, Consultation, June 1978; camp Consultation, July 1977 energy

helper Semantography, pp. 408, 687 | castle engaged Consultation, June 1978
aid, support Consultation, June 1978 cave envious
all gone cent environment
alone, only Semantography, p. 363; (to) chop ever

MS Dictionary, 1975 Christ, Jesus

Consultation, October 1977 | (to) explain

(to) amuse circle Semantography, p. 278 fastener

anxious Consultation, June 1977 class favourite

apartment clerk feather Semantography, p. 274

appointment coffee field hockey Consultation, June 1978

(to) approve (to) communicate finally

(to) argue Consultation, October 1977 computer Bliss-Everingham (to) finish Semantography, p. 373

argument Consultation, October 1977 Symbol Table, 1975 fire truck

artificial concrete (to) fix, repair Consultation,
respiration (to) contrast November 1977

astonaut, counsellor flat
cosmonaut cousin flour Semantography p. 521

barn Consultation, June 1978 crayon (to) fold

badminton croquet Consultation, June 1978 football, soccer, Consultation, June 1978

baseball Consultation, June 1978 (to) crush rugby

basketball Consultation, June 1978 crutches Consultation, June 1978 fresh

(to) become Consultation, June 1977 cup, mug fuel

behaviour Consultation, October 1977 __| cutlery Semantography, p. 392; game

beyond MS Dictionary, 1972 general

boss date (social) ghost

both (to) describe gift Consultation,

bowel Semantography, p. 533 dessert Drawings, June 1972 November 1977
movement direction Semantography, p. 224 glassware Semantography, p. 392

bowling Consultation, June 1978 divorce Semantography, p. 414 golf Consultation, June 1978

boxing Semantography, p. 468 (to) draw Good Friday

brace Consultation, June 1978 (to) dry grandparent

butter dump truck guilt Consultation,

button Easter

November 1977

203

SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION SYMBOLS SOURCE FOR CKB VERSION
Hallowe'en picnic Critique, June 1977 (to) spread
hamburger Consultation, June 1978 pie square Semantography, p. 278
handicap Consultation, June 1978 ping pong Consultation, June 1978 stepfather
hearing aid Consultation, June 1978 pollution stepmother
honey power Semantography, p. 515 stick Consultation, June 1977
(to) hop (to) practise stupid Semantography, p.149
hot dog (to) pray suddenly
ice hockey Consultation, June 1978 prayer Semantography, p. 734 table game
(to) improve Consultation, pregnant Consultation, June 1978 tape recorder
November 1977 (to) prepare (to) tease Consultation, October 1977
(to) injure prince tennis Consultation, June 1978
(to) invent Paper, June 1977 princess tent Critique, July 1977
jam, jelly probable Semantography, p. 308 test Semantography, p. 405
jealous problem Thanksgiving
joint Consultation, October 1977 public (noun) Consultation, October 1977 tired
kind (adj.) Consultation, October 1977 purple tongue
king pyjamas, treat
(to) laugh Semantography, p. 305 nightgown triangle Semantography,
let's queen pp. 277, 453
(to) lift Consultation, ready turn
November 1977 recent (to) turn on
magazine recipe uncle, aunt
mat record player Letter, May 1974 unless
menstruation rectangle Semantography, p. 277 urine
mentally Consultation, June 1978 refrigerator Semantography, p. 397 usually
handicapped (to) request utensil
milkshake rice vacation Consultation, June 1978
monster rich Semantography, p. 373 valentine
muscle Consultation, (to) ride Valentine's Day
November 1977 roll van
neighbour Semantography, p. 417 royal volunteer Consultation, May 1975
nephew scales Semantography, p. 136 walker Consultation, June 1978
nephew, niece schedule Consultation, June 1976 waste Semantography, p. 120
new score watch Semantography, p. 129
New Year's Day (to) seem Semantography, p. 285 (a) weight
next self-control (to) yawn
nice several ZOO
niece Semantography, p. 414 sex Book to the Film, p. 12
nonsense shirt, blouse Semantography, p. 371 WORDING
nonsense! (to) show Consultation,
nut November 1977 church, temple — Consultation,
(to) obey Consultation, June 1978 skeleton Consultation, October 1977 November, 1977
offspring (to) smash Consultation, considerate Semantography, p. 405
old (opposite November 1977 (to) hug Consultation,
meaning of new) (to) smile Semantography, p. 305 November, 1977
once Semantography, p. 363 smooth non-speaking Semantography, p. 130
orchard snowman pillow case Semantography, p. 370
(to) organize, Consultation, June 1978 (to) solve thick, fat Critique, June 1974
arrange soon “you're " Critique, June, 1974
“pardon?” sorry Semantography, p. 521 welcome
party Consultation, June 1977 special Consultation, October 1977
patience specific
peanut butter (to) splash
physically Consultation, June 1978 spouse
handicapped spread

204 Appendix II

Here are some mnemonic aids you may wish to use in
memorizing the alphabet of 26 basic shapes, used in the
Finding Symbols section.

NicuM acres 06 OFS 4 =m ar SO. O

wavy line (a for aqua — Latin for ““water’’)
heart (b for heartbeat)

cross hatches (c for cloth, or count numbers)
building (d for domicile or dwelling)

ear (e for ear)

arrows (f for forward)

wheel (g for gears)

large circle (h for helios — Greek for “sun’’)
small circles (sounds like “eye’’)

large half circles

other circle parts

squares

rectangles (m for manuscript)

open squares (n for entrance)

open rectangles

right triangles

dots

right angles (r for roof, right angle)

lines on a base (s for standing figure)
crosses (a t is a form of cross)

isosceles triangle

acute angle signs (a v upside down)
horizontal lines (w for world, without)

other straight lines (an x is made up of two straight lines)
pointers (the top of the y looks like a pointer)
letters, numbers, punctuation (punctuation comes at the
end of a sentence)

Note: BCI would be happy to hear of any mnemonic aids you
have found helpful in learning the alphabet of shapes,
especially those for letters which are not dealt with in the
above list.

Appendix III

The Coding System Used in
the Finding Symbols Section

Note: Before reading this appendix, please read How to Use

the Finding Symbols Section, p. 5.

1. In the Introduction to this book, it is explained that each

of the 26 basic shapes is given a letter of the alphabet, as
shown in the chart on p.6. A symbol whose first unit
contains the a shape, wavy line, will precede a symbol
whose first unit contains only b and/or later shapes, and so

on. The letters assigned to each basic shape provide the basic

coding that is given the symbols. For example:

water, liquid feeling, emotion sun
SNe Gy C) etc.
a b h

2. The codings for compound sequenced symbols are
arrived at in the same way, but the coding for each unit is
separated from that of the next by a period:

story, tale, report home playing cards
x
Ble a AKT
m.i d.b Me Veal

Superimposed symbols will of course have several code
letters for each unit, the letters for each unit arranged
according to their order within the alphabet of shapes:
(to) change

machine coat, sweater

Note: Indicators are ignored in arriving at these codings.

3. It was also stated in the Introduction to this book that
some of the basic shapes come in more than one form

and that these forms have an order of sequence. These are
also shown in the chart on p.6, under the head, Different
Forms of the Shape. Each of these forms has a distinctive
coding. The following paragraphs explain how the coding
is determined.

The different forms of a given shape are ordered
according to three considerations: whether the shape occurs
in more than one size, whether the shape occurs at more than
one height in the symbol space, and whether the shape
occurs in more than one orientation.

(a) If it is possible for a shape to occur in more than
one size:

il large or long
precedes
S small

Thus, in the | category, squares, all the symbols
containing large squares in the first unit precede all the
symbols containing small squares in the first unit. The capital
letters L and S are included in the codings:

enclosure blackboard inside

Nn ON o=

IL fee x ILq
precede

thing soap material

oo, o
IS IS.aj [Sw

Note: Although the thing indicator is smaller than other
squares in the small square subcategory it is not distinguished
from them in the size coding.

(b) If it is possible for a shape to have more than one
position in relation to the earthline and skyline, the coding
and ordering is as follows:

B_ above the symbol space (above the skyline)
precedes

H_ high — from the midline to the skyline of the
symbol space

precedes

M_ mid — on or vertically centred on the midline of the
symbol space

precedes

205

G_ ground - from the midline to the bottom of the
symbol space

precedes
U under the symbol space (below the earthline)

Thus, in the | category, squares, the small squares are
arranged by their positions in the symbol space:

country, state

Bp etc.

ISB ISHs

thing indicator
QO

precedes precedes

chemical product

Yu

IS ISGv

etc. precedes

Note: In this sequence the mid-position is considered to be
the “neutral” position from which the other positions are
deviations, and to simplify the codings, the M has not been
used in the coding of the large group of |S symbols vertically
centred on the midline.

(c) If it is possible for a shape to have more than one
orientation in the symbol space, the directions in which the
shapes “’point’”’ are ordered clockwise on an imaginary
clockface. Thus, in the case of the f category, arrows,

all arrows pointing upward are considered to point to

12 o'clock; arrows pointing to the right, point to 3 o'clock:
arrows pointing downward, point to 6 o’clock; and arrows
pointing to the left, point to 9 o’clock. Shapes pointing to
12 o’clock are considered to be in the “neutral” position, and
are given no additional coding, while the others add the
appropriate arabic numeral to their coding:

up forward down
ir precedes —)_ etc. precedes I etc.
f f3 £6

backward, back

oo

precedes

f9

206

4. Subcategories of a shape are based upon size in the
w category, horizontal lines, and the x category, other lines.

Subcategories of a shape are based upon vertical
position in the symbol space in the i category,
small circles.

Subcategories of a shape are based upon orientation in
the a category, wavy lines; c category, crosshatches;
f category, arrows; j category, large half circles; k category,
other circle parts; n category, open squares;
o category, open rectangles; p category, right triangles;
r category, right angles; s category, lines on a base;
t category, crosses; and v category,
acute angles.

The subcategories in the | category, squares, are based
first upon size and then upon vertical placement.

The following shapes have no subcategories, either
because they do not change in size, vertical position or
orientation, or because the shape category is so small that
subcategories are not needed as an aid in sorting
the symbols:

b category, heart; d category, house; e category, ear;

g category, wheel; h category, large circle; m category,
rectangles; gq category, dot; u category, isosceles triangle;
and y category, the pointer.

In the final category, z, punctuation, numbers and
letters, punctuation marks (?!,) precedes the numbers in their
natural order, which in turn precede letters in alphabetical
order. The actual punctuation marks, numbers and letters are
included in the coding. Thus:

who? each
2 ik etc. precedes x] precedes
FOG Zale

alphabet, letters

abe

zabc

5. The basic letter codes assigned to shapes and the
subcategories occurring in the larger, more complex
categories of shapes are not enough to sort the symbols
completely in all cases. Where two symbols would otherwise
be identically coded, additional code letters are required.

(a) The orderings described above, based upon size,

vertical position and orientation, may be applied in
individual cases in any shape category, in order to obtain a
distinctive coding for symbols. For example:

ability, capability

. YW precedes AY

can, (to) be able
A

q.vL q.vs
fog mud
Ne precedes
2
a3wH a3wG
happy sad, unhappy
Vv Vv

oc {t precedes oS {
Det b.f6

(b) If symbols differ only in their indicators, further letters
are added to their codings to distinguish them:

if symbols having a thing indicator above them
precede
X symbols having plural indicators above them
precede
A symbols having action indicators above them
precede
V symbols having description (evaluation)
indicators above them
precede
D symbols having a dot above them
precede
DV symbols having a description (evaluation)
before the fact indicator above them
precede
VD symbols having a description (evaluation)

after the fact indicator above them

Note: “Noun’’ symbols with no indicator above them would
precede all the types listed above, and would have no
additional letter added to their codings.

Here are some examples:
(to) protect,
protection root (to) take care of
O A

Ze precedes oon precedes SN

r Tall rA
my, mine our, ours
x
lk precedes iz
3. rs Sez e
(b) If symbols are otherwise coded indentically, and in

one case symbol elements are just touching, while in the
other they are intersecting, the former will precede without
additional coding. The intersecting symbol will follow,
with N added to its coding:

(to) kiss (to) combine, (to) connect
A A
precedes
CO @®

ii iiN

(c) If symbols are otherwise coded identically, and in one
case an element is further to the left or to the right of

the symbol space then in the other case, they are given the
additional codings F (for left) and R (for right) and

left precedes right. For example:

(to) freeze (to) thaw

A A
AL] [tWY

a3l F a3lR

precedes

Note: The symbol having the mid-position in the left-right
sequence is considered “‘neutral,”” and is not given additional
coding letters.

6. Remember that the rules described in point 5 above are
only used when symbols would otherwise be identically
coded. Although a “full’” coding of a symbol could use all
the appropriate additional letters and numbers, an attempt
has been made to keep the codings as short and simple as
possible so that a larger number of people can learn

the coding system. Note for example that although
additional code numbers are needed to distinguish the
following symbols:

207

(to) cross out, (to) destroy
t

(to) delete, (to) cancel pen, pencil
A
VA precedes \
x2L xAL

The coding reverts to simpler form when additional
characters are added that create a unique coding for a more
complicated symbol:

(to) draw, (to) sketch

\oLl.

xL.iq.! not x4L.igq.!

Similarly, additional code numbers are needed to distinguish
the following symbols:

(to) agree to and fro, back and forth
A
precedes
ax oa
f3f3 f3f9

But when the symbol for to and fro becomes the second
unit in another symbol, the extra coding is not needed, and
the basic shape coding is reverted to:

discussion, conversation
Os.
<<
sae

7. Special Cases. (a) Adistinctive form of the
wavy line shape occurs in the symbol for medical. This form
is coded ‘’a prime”, and follows a:

fire medical
Vv
etc. precedes q
a a’x

(b) None of the rules provided will distinguish the symbol
for badge from the symbol for account. Thus the unusual
form of the open rectangle in the symbol for account is
coded ’’o prime”’:

208

badge account
L) precedes U)
j60 j60’

(c) If asymbol can be divided into shapes in more than
one way, the “outside” shape takes precedence.
For example:

metal

oo

is lw.mx, not lw.I/n

(d) Shapes that have discontinued lines because another
shape impinges upon them are coded as if continuous and
whole. For example:

(to) love
A

is bf, not bfw
God

A

However, the line in the symbols for difficult and (to) try
is considered to be “broken” by the arrow and is coded
accordingly:

is uu, not uvwww

difficult, hard

ih.